ch 1 general directional terminology Flashcards

1
Q

ventral

A
  • toward the FRONT of the body
  • the aorta is ventral to the vertebral column
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2
Q

dorsal

A
  • toward the BACK or SPINE
  • the vertebral column is dorsal to the aorta
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3
Q

anterior

A
  • toward the VENTRAL side
  • the sternum is anterior to the heart
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4
Q

posterior

A
  • toward the DORSAL side
  • the esophagus is posterior to the trachea
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5
Q

cephalic

A
  • toward the HEAD or SUPERIOR END
  • the brain develops from the cephalic end of the neural tube
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6
Q

rostral

A
  • toward the FOREHEAD or NOSE
  • the forebrain is rostral to the brainstem
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7
Q

caudal

A
  • toward the TAIL or INFERIOR END
  • the spinal cord is caudal to the brain
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8
Q

superior

A
  • above
  • the heart is superior to the diaphragm
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9
Q

inferior

A
  • below
  • the liver is inferior to the diaphragm
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10
Q

medial

A
  • TOWARD the MEDIAN PLANE
  • the heart is medial to the lungs
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11
Q

lateral

A
  • AWAY from the MEDIAN PLANE
  • the eyes are lateral to the nose
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12
Q

proximal

A
  • CLOSER to the point of attachment or origin
  • the elbow is proximal to the wrist
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13
Q

distal

A
  • FARTHER from the point of attachment or origin
  • the fingernails are at the distal ends of the fingers
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14
Q

ipsilateral

A
  • on the SAME SIDE of the body (right or left)
  • the liver is ipsilateral to the appendix
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15
Q

contralateral

A
  • on OPPOSITE SIDES of the body (right or left)
  • the spleen is contralateral to the liver
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16
Q

superficial

A
  • CLOSER to the body surface
  • the skin is superficial to the muscles
17
Q

deep

A
  • FARTHER from the body surface
  • the bones are deep to the muscles
18
Q

what is the opposing pair of

ventral

A

dorsal

19
Q

what is the opposing pair of

anterior

A

posterior

20
Q

what is the opposing pair of

cephalic

A

rostral
caudal

21
Q

what is the opposing pair of

superior

A

inferior

22
Q

what is the opposing pair of

medial

A

lateral

23
Q

what is the opposing pair of

proximal

A

distal

24
Q

what is the opposing pair of

ipsilateral

A

contralateral

25
Q

what is the opposing pair of

superficial

A

deep