Ch 1 : Introduction Flashcards
Specialist studying the characteristics of pathogen , their modes of transmission , mechanisms of infection and growth. Using this information
Medical microbiologist
Is field of medical microbiology , which study microbal diseases in departmentsof all specialtes.
Clinical microbiology
Method of identifying unknown microbes fall into three categories :
1_ phenotypic
2Genotypic
3 immunological
Genetic make up
Genotypic
Observable microscopic and microscopic characteristics
Phenotypic
Immunological :
Serology ; antibody_antigen reactions
Mentchen 3 of phenotypic methods:
1_ microscopic morphology
2_ physiological / biochemical
3_ chemial analysis
1_ assess genetic make up , DNA and RNA sequence
2_ culture is not necessary
Genotypic method
Specific antibodies are used to detect antigens
Immunological Method
Specimen to 2 is :
1_ Direct Testing
2_ Culture / isolation
Direct Testing :
1_ microscopic
2_ macroscopic
Microscopic 4 : GAFG
1_ gram stain
2_ acid_ fast stain
3 fluoresent Ab stain
4 Gene probes
Macroscopic 2 :
1_ Direct antigen
2_ Gene probes
Culture / isolation : 6
1_ biochemical 2_ serotyping 3_ Antimicrobic sensitivity 4_ Gene probes 5_ phage typing 6_ animal inoculation
Cocci into 2 group
1_gram +
2_gram _
Irregular culster , terrads
Catalase +
Pairs , chain arrangement
Catalase -
Example of aerobic and anaerobic :
Aerobic : _microcuccus Anaerobic : _staphylococcus _planococcus
Example of
Gram +
Catalase -
Streptococcus
Example of : Gram _ Oxidase + Catalase+ Aerobic
1_ Neisseria
2_Branhamella
3_moraxella
Gram _
Oxidase _
Catalase _
Anareobic
Veillonella
Molecular Method Used For Detection of pathogens
1_ polymerase chain reaction 2_ molecular hybridization 3_ molecular markers 4_ nucleic acid sequence/ probes 5_ micro-arrays
attempts to detect signs of infection in a patient by identifying specific antibodies in vitro
Serology
antibody cross links whole-cell antigens, forming complexes that settle out and form visible clumps
Agglutination testing
soluble antigen is made insoluble by an antibody
Syphilisالزهري
Precipitation tests
immunoelectrophoresis; separates antigens into bands
HIV
Western blot
Westالغرب يفصل الانتجن😂
Although igG is shown as the Ab,
……… is also involved in these reactions
IgM
…….. short arrow
…….. long arrow
Preacipitin bands that form when ……. is tested
1_ H : short arrow
2_ M : long arrow
Histoplasmin
………antigens and antibodies labeled with radioactive isotopes
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
- enzyme- antibody complex produces a colored product when an enzyme-substrate reaction occurs
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Antigens are introduced directly into the body to determine the presence or absence of antibodies.
tuberculin skin test, allergy testing
وجود وعدم وجود الانتيبودي🌚
Vivo testing
