Ch 1 : Introduction

Question 1

Specialist studying the characteristics of pathogen , their modes of transmission , mechanisms of infection and growth. Using this information

Answer 1

Medical microbiologist

Question 2

Is field of medical microbiology , which study microbal diseases in departmentsof all specialtes.

Answer 2

Clinical microbiology

Question 3

Method of identifying unknown microbes fall into three categories :

Answer 3

1_ phenotypic
2Genotypic
3 immunological

Question 4

Genetic make up

Answer 4

Genotypic

Question 5

Observable microscopic and microscopic characteristics

Answer 5

Phenotypic

Question 6

Immunological :

Answer 6

Serology ; antibody_antigen reactions

Question 7

Mentchen 3 of phenotypic methods:

Answer 7

1_ microscopic morphology
2_ physiological / biochemical
3_ chemial analysis

Question 8

1_ assess genetic make up , DNA and RNA sequence

2_ culture is not necessary

Answer 8

Genotypic method

Question 9

Specific antibodies are used to detect antigens

Answer 9

Immunological Method

Question 10

Specimen to 2 is :

Answer 10

1_ Direct Testing

2_ Culture / isolation

Question 11

Direct Testing :

Answer 11

1_ microscopic

2_ macroscopic

Question 12

Microscopic 4 : GAFG

Answer 12

1_ gram stain
2_ acid_ fast stain
3 fluoresent Ab stain
4 Gene probes

Question 13

Macroscopic 2 :

Answer 13

1_ Direct antigen

2_ Gene probes

Question 14

Culture / isolation : 6

Answer 14

1_ biochemical
2_ serotyping 
3_ Antimicrobic sensitivity
4_ Gene probes
5_ phage typing
6_ animal inoculation

Question 15

Cocci into 2 group

Answer 15

1_gram +

2_gram _

Question 16

Irregular culster , terrads

Answer 16

Catalase +

Question 17

Pairs , chain arrangement

Answer 17

Catalase -

Question 18

Example of aerobic and anaerobic :

Answer 18

Aerobic :
 _microcuccus
Anaerobic :
_staphylococcus
_planococcus

Question 19

Example of
Gram +
Catalase -

Answer 19

Streptococcus

Question 20

Example of :
Gram _ 
Oxidase +
Catalase+
Aerobic

Answer 20

1_ Neisseria
2_Branhamella
3_moraxella

Question 21

Gram _
Oxidase _
Catalase _
Anareobic

Answer 21

Veillonella

Question 22

Molecular Method Used For Detection of pathogens

Answer 22

1_ polymerase chain reaction
2_ molecular hybridization
3_ molecular markers
4_ nucleic acid sequence/ probes
5_ micro-arrays

Question 23

attempts to detect signs of infection in a patient by identifying specific antibodies in vitro

Answer 23

Serology

Question 24

antibody cross links whole-cell antigens, forming complexes that settle out and form visible clumps

Answer 24

Agglutination testing

Question 25

soluble antigen is made insoluble by an antibody

Syphilisالزهري

Answer 25

Precipitation tests

Question 26

immunoelectrophoresis; separates antigens into bands

HIV

Answer 26

Western blot

Westالغرب يفصل الانتجن😂

Question 27

Although igG is shown as the Ab,

……… is also involved in these reactions

Answer 27

IgM

Question 28

…….. short arrow
…….. long arrow
Preacipitin bands that form when ……. is tested

Answer 28

1_ H : short arrow
2_ M : long arrow

Histoplasmin

Question 29

………antigens and antibodies labeled with radioactive isotopes

Answer 29

Radioimmunoassay (RIA)

Question 30

• enzyme- antibody complex produces a colored product when an enzyme-substrate reaction occurs

Answer 30

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Question 31

Antigens are introduced directly into the body to determine the presence or absence of antibodies.

tuberculin skin test, allergy testing

وجود وعدم وجود الانتيبودي🌚

Answer 31

Vivo testing