CH 1- Introducing Phonetics and Phonology Flashcards
Speech
Oral, verbal communication. our primary means of communication for most people
Speech sounds
The individual units of speech
Phonetics
the study of speech emphasizing the description of how speech units are produced and tries to measure speech characteristics as accurately as possible
- emphasizes the form
- Place (what part of mouth), Voice (is it voiced or voiceless), manner (what way it is produced using parts)
Phone
any particular occurrence of a sound segment that is used by a speaker saying words, regardless of whether the target language uses them
-smallest discrete segment of sound in a stream of speech
articulatory phonetics
examines how the different speech sounds are generated; it describes and classifies speech sounds according to parameters of their actual production. the science of sound; physical properties
acoustic phonetics
examines the physical properties of speech sounds as they are transmitted through the air.
Auditory or perceptual phonetics
the study of how speech sound waves are identified and perceived by the listener. the part used during transcription. learn what variants of sounds are acceptable, what the differences between sounds are, and what meanings can be attached to combination of sounds
objective physical properties of sounds
frequency (rate of vibration) and intensity (loudness)
subjective perception of sounds
pitch and loudness
phoneme
the smallest linguistic unit that is able, when combined with other such units, to establish word meanings and distinguish between them
minimal pairs/sets
words that differ in only one phoneme (or sound) value ex. bee and beet
phonotactics
the specific branch of phonology the deals with restriction in a language on the permissible combinations of phonemes
-the production, transmission, and perception of speech sounds (the anatomy, travel of sound waves, and how it is perceived)
phonology
studies the structure and systematic pattering of sounds in particular language
stresses the function or use of speech sounds
a branch of linguistics some times called linguistic phonetics (concerned about the rules)
allophone
the variations of the phoneme used by various speakers in differing contexts and by different speakers
DOES NOT change the meaning of the word
there are two types of allophones
free variation
two allophones of one phoneme that could be exchanged for one another in similar contexts
complementary distribution
indicate the mutually exclusive relationship between two phonetically similar segments
phonological disorder
an impaired system of phonemes and phoneme patterns
have difficulties with the function of phonemes within a language
the study of speech and speech sounds
fundamental to the profession of communication disorders
IPA
International Phonetic Alphabet (what we use when we transcribe) the system typically used in communication disorders
articulators
the structures used to produce the anatomy sounds 9teeth, hard palate, etc.) one way of classifying sounds in articulatory phonetics
consonants or vowels
the type and construction of the airway and the functions of sounds results in consonants and vowel differences (another way to classify sound in articulatory phonetics by)
consonants
produced with a significant articulatory construction (combination of articulators constricts to build air up and then lets it out)
vowels
speech sounds produced with no significant construction and that act as the nucleus of each syllable (no constriction buy articulators)
sound
the sensation produced by stimulation of the hearing mechanism by vibrations transmitted through the air or other medium
length of sound
how long it takes to get to your ear
resonance
the selective absorption and radiation of sound energy (some sounds are harder to hear due to resonance)
Rules of phonology
govern how sounds are used within a language there are descriptive and prescriptive rules
Articulation disorder
Refers to difficulties with the motor production aspects of speech or an inability to produce certain speech sounds
