CH 1- Introducing Phonetics and Phonology

Question 1

Speech

Answer 1

Oral, verbal communication. our primary means of communication for most people

Question 2

Speech sounds

Answer 2

The individual units of speech

Question 3

Phonetics

Answer 3

the study of speech emphasizing the description of how speech units are produced and tries to measure speech characteristics as accurately as possible

• emphasizes the form
• Place (what part of mouth), Voice (is it voiced or voiceless), manner (what way it is produced using parts)

Question 4

Phone

Answer 4

any particular occurrence of a sound segment that is used by a speaker saying words, regardless of whether the target language uses them
-smallest discrete segment of sound in a stream of speech

Question 5

articulatory phonetics

Answer 5

examines how the different speech sounds are generated; it describes and classifies speech sounds according to parameters of their actual production. the science of sound; physical properties

Question 6

acoustic phonetics

Answer 6

examines the physical properties of speech sounds as they are transmitted through the air.

Question 7

Auditory or perceptual phonetics

Answer 7

the study of how speech sound waves are identified and perceived by the listener. the part used during transcription. learn what variants of sounds are acceptable, what the differences between sounds are, and what meanings can be attached to combination of sounds

Question 8

objective physical properties of sounds

Answer 8

frequency (rate of vibration) and intensity (loudness)

Question 9

subjective perception of sounds

Answer 9

pitch and loudness

Question 10

phoneme

Answer 10

the smallest linguistic unit that is able, when combined with other such units, to establish word meanings and distinguish between them

Question 11

minimal pairs/sets

Answer 11

words that differ in only one phoneme (or sound) value ex. bee and beet

Question 12

phonotactics

Answer 12

the specific branch of phonology the deals with restriction in a language on the permissible combinations of phonemes
-the production, transmission, and perception of speech sounds (the anatomy, travel of sound waves, and how it is perceived)

Question 13

phonology

Answer 13

studies the structure and systematic pattering of sounds in particular language
stresses the function or use of speech sounds
a branch of linguistics some times called linguistic phonetics (concerned about the rules)

Question 14

allophone

Answer 14

the variations of the phoneme used by various speakers in differing contexts and by different speakers
DOES NOT change the meaning of the word
there are two types of allophones

Question 15

free variation

Answer 15

two allophones of one phoneme that could be exchanged for one another in similar contexts

Question 16

complementary distribution

Answer 16

indicate the mutually exclusive relationship between two phonetically similar segments

Question 17

phonological disorder

Answer 17

an impaired system of phonemes and phoneme patterns

have difficulties with the function of phonemes within a language

Question 18

the study of speech and speech sounds

Answer 18

fundamental to the profession of communication disorders

Question 19

IPA

Answer 19

International Phonetic Alphabet (what we use when we transcribe) the system typically used in communication disorders

Question 20

articulators

Answer 20

the structures used to produce the anatomy sounds 9teeth, hard palate, etc.) one way of classifying sounds in articulatory phonetics

Question 21

consonants or vowels

Answer 21

the type and construction of the airway and the functions of sounds results in consonants and vowel differences (another way to classify sound in articulatory phonetics by)

Question 22

consonants

Answer 22

produced with a significant articulatory construction (combination of articulators constricts to build air up and then lets it out)

Question 23

vowels

Answer 23

speech sounds produced with no significant construction and that act as the nucleus of each syllable (no constriction buy articulators)

Question 24

sound

Answer 24

the sensation produced by stimulation of the hearing mechanism by vibrations transmitted through the air or other medium

Question 25

length of sound

Answer 25

how long it takes to get to your ear

Question 26

resonance

Answer 26

the selective absorption and radiation of sound energy (some sounds are harder to hear due to resonance)

Question 27

Rules of phonology

Answer 27

govern how sounds are used within a language there are descriptive and prescriptive rules

Question 28

Articulation disorder

Answer 28

Refers to difficulties with the motor production aspects of speech or an inability to produce certain speech sounds