Ch. 1. History and Basics Flashcards
What are the 5 types of soft tissue?
Skin, muscles, fascia, tendons, ligaments
Define massage.
Massage is the ethical and professional application of structured, therapeutic touch to benefit soft tissue health, movement, posture, and neurological patterns.
What did the Chinese call their early massage system?
The Chinese called their massage system anmo. This method grew from various methods of pressing and rubbing parts of the body to produce therapeutic effects.
In what way are the Chinese and Japanese systems similar?
The points of stimulation in Japanese massage (tsubo) are much the same as points used in Chinese traditional medicine.
Which Greek physician became known as the father of medicine?
Hippocrates, the Greek physician who lived around 400 BCE, became known as the father of medicine and originator of the Hippocratic oath, which is still used as the ethical guide for the medical professions.
What is the difference between passive and active exercise?
Passive exercise of muscles incorporates massage and is done by the practitioner on the client. Active exercise of muscles is movement done by the person or patient, as in sports or gymnastics.
Who developed Swedish Movement or Movement Cure?
Per Henrik Ling based the Swedish Movement or the Movement Cure on the developing science of physiology applied to the treatment of disease.
What are the three types of movement in the Swedish movement?
Active, duplicated, and passive.
Who introduced the Swedish Movement Cure to the United States and when?
In 1858, brothers Charles Fayette Taylor and George Henry Taylor started an orthopedic practice in New York. They specialized in the Swedish Movements.
What are some of the reasons for the decline of massage at the turn of the twentieth century?
1, Abuses in the education and practice of massage practitioners, including unscrupulous recruitment practices, inadequate training, deceptive advertising, and false certification.
2. Technical innovations, such as the invention of electricity and various electrical apparatuses (e.g., the vibrator)
3. Intellectual advances in medicine that led to new treatment strategies based more on pharmacology and surgical procedures
Why did the acceptance of massage and therapeutic exercise increase during World Wars I and II?
Because more diseases and injuries occurred during wartime, physicians employed therapeutic massage and exercise more often.
Why did manual massage become a secondary treatment within physical therapy following World War II?
Because new mechanical and electrical devices were designed to take over some of the manipulative movements.
How has more awareness of health and personal wellness in recent years caused a renewed interest in massage?
- The development of the wellness model, which placed more emphasis on prevention and recognized the importance of controlling stress.
- The increasing cost of traditional medicine
Describe the theory on which the Japanese shiatsu system of massage is based.
The Japanese system of shiatsu is a finger pressure method based on the Oriental concept that the body has a series of energy points. When pressure is properly applied to these points, circulation is improved, and nerves are stimulated.
Why is massage used as a treatment in sports or athletic medicine?
- As an aid to treating injuries that have occurred during sports activities.
- To keep the athlete’s muscles supple and strong.
Which massage system is the most widely used in general massage?
The Swedish massage system is still the most widely used and is most frequently incorporated into other systems.
What are the 5 basic massage strokes?
Effleurage, Petrissage, Friction, Tapotement, Vibration
What does effleurage mean?
To glide. Effleurage is a succession of strokes applied by gliding the hand over an extended portion of the body.
What does petrissage mean?
To knead. It lifts, squeezes, and presses the tissues.
What does friction mean?
To rub one surface over another.
What does tapotement mean?
To tap. Tapotement movements include tapping, slapping, hacking, cupping, and beating
