Ch 1 - 5 Flashcards
The ____ provides the different type of situations in which you communicate
context
Communication that occurs with atleast 2 or more people
interpersonal communication
During communication, a source conveys his or her ideas, thoughts, and feelings in a ___
message
The verbal and nonverbal responses of a receiver to a sources message
feedback
the process of using messages to generate shared meaning
communication
the intent of a message by the sender and the interpretation of a message by the receiver
meaning
the means by which a message moves from source to the receiver of the message
channel
A systematic arrangement of symbol used to create meanings in the mind of another person
code
consist of symbols and their grammatical arrangement
verbal codes
consist of all symbols that are not words, including bodily movements, the use of space ad time, cloth and other adornments, and sound other than words
nonverbal codes
the process of translating an idea or thought into a code
encoding
the process of assigning meaning that idea or thought.
decoding
any interference in the encoding or decoding processes that reduces the clarity of a message
noise
location where communication takes place
situation
the act of taking part in a conversation
dialogue
the relationship one has to another that affects how a message is delivered and or received
relational dimension
Can communication be reversed
No
a recurring pattern of behaviors that typically take place in similar settings
context
process of using messages to generate meaning to self
intrapersonal
simply two-person communication
dyadic communication
interaction among three to nine people working together
Small-group communication
The process of using messages to generate meanings in a situation in which a single speaker transmit a message to a number of recievers
public speaking
the process of using messages to generate meanings in a mediated system between a source and a large number of receivers
Mass communication
the way that technology is unifying what were formerly separate channels for communication
Media convergence
occurs as voice, data, video, audio
technological convergence
simply the ability to effectively exchange meaning through a common system of symbols or behavior
communication competence
set of moral principles or values that affect communication
ethics
the use of the senses to process information about the external environment
perception
means that your mind selects, organizes, and interprets what you sense
active perception
uniquely constructed meaning attributed to sensed stimuli
subjective perception
the idea that your past experiences lead you to see the world in a way that is difficult to change
perceptual constancy
the part you play in various social contexts
role
exposing oneself to ideas that reinforces your beliefs
selective exposure
when exposing yourself to ideas, you focus on certain cues and ignore others
selective attention
the tendency to see, hear and believe only what you want
selective perception
the tendency to better remember the thing that reinforce your beliefs
Selective retention
grouping stimuli into meaningful units or wholes
organization
the focal point of your attention
figure
the background against which your focused attention occurs
ground
the tendency to fill in missing information to complete an otherwise incomplete figure or statement
Closure
people or objects that are close to each other in time or space are seen as meaningful related
proximity
elements are group together because they resemble each other in size, color, shape, or other attributes
similarity
4 - 12 feet
social distance
the study of human space and distance
proxemics
the distance maintained between self and others
personal space
from self outward to 18 inches
intimate distance
18 inches to 4 feet
personal distance
exceeds 12 feet
public distance
blend of the internal states and external stimuli
interpretive perception
categorizing people based on age, assigned sex, gender, race, sexual identity, occupation, etc
stereotyping
unfavorable predisposition about an individual because of that person’s membership in a stereotyped group
prejudice
an initial opinion about people upon meeting them
first impression
a process of describing, interpreting and verifying that helps you understand others and their messages more accurately
perception checking
the process of development of the self through the messages and feedback received from others
symbolic interactionism
the sharing of personal details in order to present an idealized self
impression management
collection of symbols, letters, or word with arbitrary meanings that are governed by rules and used to communicate
language
assigning meaning to words
decode
the study of the way humans use language to evoke meaning in others
semantics
the way in which words are arranged to form phrases and sentences
syntax
translating words into thoughts
encode
the study of language as it is used in a social context including its effect on the communicators
pragmatics
small talk
phatic communication
all of the socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, attitudes, and values of a particular period, class, community or population
culture
agreed upon meaning of a word
denotative meaning
an individualized or personalized meaning that may be emotiionally laden
connotative
informal, casual language used among equals with words typically unsuitable for more formal contexts
slang
an expression that has lost originality and forced through overuse
cliche
socially acceptable synonym used to avoid language that would be offensive in a formal setting
euphemism
type of swearing that uses indecent words
profanity
the language particular to a specific profession, work group, or culture and not meant to be understood by outsiders
jargon
words or phrases specific to a particular region or part of the country
regionalism
the practice of describing observed behavior or phenomena instead of offering personal reactions or judgements
Descriptiveness
restating another person’s message by rephrasing the content and intent of the message and the feelings of the speaker
Paraphrasing
words that are very specific
concrete language
identifying uniqueness of objects, events, and people
indexing
the study of bodily movements, including posture, gestures, and facial expressions
kinesics
perceived desirability of another person’s outward physical appearance
physical attractiveness
temporal communication
chronemics
use of touch in communication
tactile communication
nonword sounds and nonword characteristics of language
paralinguistic
simply the act of receiving sound
hearing
the active process of receiving constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal
Listening
involved listening with a purpose
active listening
attempting to understand the perspective of another person
empathic listening
challenging the speaker’s message by evaluating its accuracy, meaningfulness, and utility
critical listening
the sustained focus focus we give to things that are important
Selective attention
the instinctive focus we give to important things we experience in our surroundings
automatic attention
part of our short-term memory that interprets and assigns meaning to things we hear
Working memory
a temporary storage place for information
short term memory
our permanent storage place for information, including past experiences; languages; values
long term memory
organizational filing system for thoughts held in long term memory
schemas
involves analyzing the speaker, the situation, and the speaker’s ideas to make critical judgements about the message being presented
critical thinking
the extent to which you perceive the speaker as competent and trustworthy
source credibility
based on something that was personally sensed
first-person observation
a report of what another person observed
second-person observation
verbal or nonverbal signals that stress points or indicate transitions between ideas during a lecture
lecture cues
to be information literate an individual must recognize when information is needed and have the ability to locate, evaluate and use effectively the information needed
information literacy
