Ch. 1-3 Flashcards
What are microorganisms?
Microorganisms are Bacteria, Algae, Protozoa, Helminths (worms), Fungi, and Viruses.
What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes are larger and have a true nucleus while prokaryotes a smaller and do not have a true nucleus.
What are pathogens?
Pathogens are any agent such as a protozoan, or Helminths that cause diseases.
What are parasites?
Parasites are microorganisms that are harbored and nourished by the host.
What are decomposers?
Decomposes are bacterias and fungus that breakdown dead matter and waste.
What does the theory of evolution state?
The theory of evolution states that organisms under go changes over time as they adapt to their environment.
What is the fields of genetic engineering?
Genetic engineering manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
What is the fields of biotechnology?
Biotechnology manipulates microorganisms to make products in an industrial setting.
What is bioremediation?
Bioremediation is the introduction of microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants.
What contributions come from Leeuwenhoek?
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek made a crude microscope to examine threads in fabrics. He also made drawings of what he called “animaicules” in rainwater and scraped from his teeth.
What contributions come from Pasteur?
Pasteur invented pasteurization and showed that human diseases could arise from infection.
What contributions come from Lister?
Lister was the first to utilize hand washing and misting operating rooms with antiseptic chemicals; his techniques became the foundation for modern microbial control still in use today.
What contributions come from Koch?
Koch linked a specific microorganism with a specific disease. He also established a series of proofs that verified the germ theory of disease.
What contributions come from Woese?
Woese along with George Fox studied the small subunit of the ribosome and proposed a separate taxonomic unit: Archaea. They also proposed a new taxonomic system representing three domains: bacteria, archaea, and Eukarya.
What contributions come from Fox?
Fox along with Carl Woese studied the small subunit of the ribosome and proposed a separate taxonomic unit: Archaea. They also proposed a new taxonomic system representing three domains: bacteria, archaea, and Eukarya.
What contributions come from Whittaker?
Whittaker added a 5th kingdom: Fungi. He also proved that all kingdoms encompassed the two cell types: prokaryotic and eukaryotic; his system became the standard in the 1960s.
What does the study of rRNA help determine?
The study of rRNA helped determine evolution.
What are Koch’s postulates?
Developed the Germ Theory of Disease
How is a scientific name written?
The genus name always goes first and starts with a capital letter. The specific epithet (species) goes second and starts with a lower case letter. Both the genus and species should be italicized when in print and underlined when hand written.
What is taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the science of classifying living beings.
List the 5 traditional kingdoms.
The 5 traditional kingdoms are plants, fungi, animals, protista, and Monera.
List characteristics of the Protista kingdom.
Protists are single-celled, eukaryotic organisms.
List characteristics of the Monera kingdom.
Monera are prokaryotes meaning they have no true nucleus.
List characteristics of the Animal kingdom.
Animals are eukaryotic organism that develop from embryos and internally digest their food.
List characteristics of the Fungi kingdom.
Fungi do not develop from embryos and externally ingest their food.
List characteristics of the Plants kingdom.
Plants undergo photosynthesis.
What are helminths?
Helminths are worms.
What is sterility?
Sterility is keeping things free of all life forms including endoscopes and virus particles. Sterility is also known as aseptic.
Know the sequence of taxonomic hierarchy
The Taxonomic hierarchy from most inclusive to least inclusive is Domain, Kingdom, Phylum (Division), Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
Know the key characteristics of viruses.
Viruses are non- cellular organisms made up of genetic material and proteins that can invade living cells.
Viruses are considered living and non living.