Ch 1 Flashcards
Biological studies of livestock
- Nutrition/metabolism
- genetics/selection
- reproduction/physiology
- growth and development
- production/management
- end product
Goal of animal science
To profitably satisfy the needs of humans for food, clothing, emotional well being, shelter, fuel, etc
Cattle (bovine) KPCOFGS
Animalia Chordata Mammalia Artrodactyla Bovidae Bos Taurus, Indicus, Bison
Sheep (ovine)
Goat (caprine)
Animalia Chordata Mammalia Artrodactyla Bovidae Ovis artes/ Capra hirius
Swine (porcine)
Animalia Chordata Mammalia Artrodactyla Suidae Sus Scrofa domestica
Horse (equine)
Animalia Chordata Mammalia Perissodactyla Equidae Equus Caballus (horse)/ asinus (donkey)
Chicken
Animalia Chordata Aves Galliformes Phasinanidae Gallus Domesticus
Young intact male cattle
Mature intact male cattle
Bull calf
Bull
Young castrated male cattle
Mature castrated male cattle
Steer
Stag
Young intact male swine
Mature intact male swine
Young castrated male swine
Mature castrated male swine
Boar pig
Boar
Barrow
Stag
Young intact male sheep
Mature intact male sheep
Young castrated male sheep
Mature castrated male sheep
Ram lamb
Ram/buck
Wether
Stag
Young intact male horse
Mature intact male horse
Young castrated male horse
Colt
Stud/stallion
Gelding
Young intact male goat
Mature intact male goat
Young castrated male goat
Buck
Buck
Wether
Young intact male chicken
Mature intact male chicken
Young castrated male chicken
Cockerel
Rooster/cock
Capon
Young female cow
Mature female cow
Heffer
Cow
Young female swine
Mature female swine
Gilt
Sow
Young female sheep
Mature female sheep
Ewe lamb
Ewe
Young female horse
Mature female horse
Filly
Mare
Young female goat
Mature female goat
Doe
Doe
Young female chicken
Mature female chicken
Pullet
Hen
Mixed sex twins where th female doesn’t sexually develop normally
Freemartin
Young cow meat
Mature cow meat
Veal/calf
Beef
Swine meat (young and mature)
Pork
Young sheep meat
Mature sheep meat
Lamb
Mutton
Horse meat (young and mature)
Horsemeat
Young goat meat
Mature goat meat
Kid
Goatmeat
Chicken meat (young and mature)
Chicken
Human uses of animals and animal products (7)
Food Clothing By products Pleasure Power Manure Research models
Uses: Food
Eggs
Milk
Organs
Carcass
Uses: Clothing
Leather
Wool
Pelts
Uses: By-products
Pharmaceuticals
Animal feeds
Uses:Pleasure
___ dogs
___ cats
___ horses
Emotional well being
59 million dogs
75 million cats
9 million horses
Uses : Manure
______ manure common in Georgia
Fertilizer
Energy
Buildings
Chicken manure common in Ga
Human population expected to reach ______ by 2040
9 billion
World population of chicken
- _______ 5.2 B
- _______ 2.1 B
20.7 billion
China
US
Number 1 consumer of chicken is _______ while the US is number ___
Hong Kong
2
World population of cattle ______ B
- ______ 213 M
- ______ 93 M
- 4 B
- Brazil
- US
Number 1 consumer of cattle is ______ while the US is number ___
Argentina
3
World population of sheep
1._______ 139M
#1 consumer:______
1.1 B
1. China
Australia
World population of swine 1.\_\_\_\_\_\_ 465 M 2.\_\_\_\_\_\_ 66 M #1 consumer:\_\_\_\_\_ #_ consumer: US
967 M China US Denmark 17
World population dairy cattle 1.\_\_\_\_\_ 44M _. US 9m #1 consumer:\_\_\_\_\_ #_ consumer: US
265 m India 4. Finland #16
World population of horses
1. ____ 10.2 M
#1 consumer: _____
58.4 M
US
Italy
Ratio of cereal grains calories and protein
Ratio of animal products calories and protein
50:45%
16:37%
Animal products have better ratio
Meat has a high _________ ______
Biological value
Make up matches human requirements
Amino acids
All _____ _____ _____ are present in the correct proportions in meat
Essential amino acids
Animal products are an excellent source of _-_____ and the only natural source of _______ _-__
B vitamins
Vitamin B12
Not getting enough nutrients
Undernourishment
Not good quality of nutrients in food
Malnutrition
Major difference between developed and developing countries is _______ and ________
Money and mechanization
About ___% of worlds tractors are in US
20
In 2005,__% of US population fed __%
2
98
One farmer fed __ US and __ world citizens
94 and 34
Percent disposable income spend on food in:
America
Developing countries
~11%
30-60%
Food is most affordable in which country?
United States
Reasons for inadequate food supply in developing countries (6)
Lack of knowledge Population concentration Lack or wealth Governmental policies Environmental challenges Religious or social taboo
Population Concentration:
Asia __% people/__% ag production
North America __% people/__% ag production
50/22
6/27
US beef cow inventory
1. ______
_. Georgia
29.3 M
Texas
21
US cattle on feed inventory
1.____
13.6 M
Texas
US dairy cow inventory
1._____
_. Georgia
9.2 M
California
25.
US Hogs and pigs inventory
1._____
_. Georgia
65.9 M
Iowa
26.
US breeding sheep inventory
1._____
40 M
Texas
In 1940s, there were ___ M breeding sheep in US
Population has _______
56M
Decreased
East of the Mississippi River, there are _____ ______ systems for breeding sheep
Farm flock systems
US broiler inventory
1. _____
Population concentrated in __________ of US
8.6 B
Georgia
Southeast
Broiler inventory is ________ ________. (All owned by one company)
Vertically integrated
Location of broilers in US is referred to as ______ ____ and includes Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas
Broiler Belt
Where majority of hogs are located is referred to as the _____ ____ and is located _____ _____ US
Corn Belt
Northern middle
________ _______ is located in North Carolina which is why it is number 2 in hogs and pigs inventory
Smithfield Foods
2008 US horse inventory
1.________
9.2M
Texas
States with top horse inventory have a large amount of ______ _______
Lots of horses make ______ to _____ trip for racing
Horse racing
Okala to Lexington
Used west of Mississippi River for breeding of ewe
Range flock system
Used east of Mississippi River for meat breeding of ewe
Farm flock system
Bos Taurus
-British (3)
Angus
Hereford
Shorthorn
Exotic/continental Bos Taurus (5)
Simmental Charolais Limousin Gelbvieh Maine Anjou
Zebu Bos Indicus breeds (4)
Brahman
Nellore
Gir
Indu-Brazil
American Bos Indicus breeds (4)
Beefmaster
Brangus
Braford
Simbrah
American breeds composition: Brangus Braford Beefmaster Simbrah
3/8 Brahman 5/8 angus
3/8 Brahman 5/8 Hereford
1/2 Brahman 1/4 Hereford 1/4 shorthorn
3/8 Brahman 5/8 Simmental
Simangus
Limflex
Balancer
Angus and Simmental
Limousin and angus
Angus and gelbvieh
What breeds handle heat better?
Bos Indicus
