Ch 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Biological studies of livestock

A
  • Nutrition/metabolism
  • genetics/selection
  • reproduction/physiology
  • growth and development
  • production/management
  • end product
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1
Q

Goal of animal science

A

To profitably satisfy the needs of humans for food, clothing, emotional well being, shelter, fuel, etc

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2
Q

Cattle (bovine) KPCOFGS

A
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artrodactyla 
Bovidae
Bos
Taurus, Indicus, Bison
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3
Q

Sheep (ovine)

Goat (caprine)

A
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artrodactyla
Bovidae
Ovis artes/ Capra hirius
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4
Q

Swine (porcine)

A
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artrodactyla
Suidae
Sus
Scrofa domestica
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5
Q

Horse (equine)

A
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Perissodactyla
Equidae
Equus
Caballus (horse)/ asinus (donkey)
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6
Q

Chicken

A
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Galliformes
Phasinanidae
Gallus
Domesticus
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7
Q

Young intact male cattle

Mature intact male cattle

A

Bull calf

Bull

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8
Q

Young castrated male cattle

Mature castrated male cattle

A

Steer

Stag

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9
Q

Young intact male swine
Mature intact male swine
Young castrated male swine
Mature castrated male swine

A

Boar pig
Boar
Barrow
Stag

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10
Q

Young intact male sheep
Mature intact male sheep
Young castrated male sheep
Mature castrated male sheep

A

Ram lamb
Ram/buck
Wether
Stag

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11
Q

Young intact male horse
Mature intact male horse
Young castrated male horse

A

Colt
Stud/stallion
Gelding

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12
Q

Young intact male goat
Mature intact male goat
Young castrated male goat

A

Buck
Buck
Wether

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13
Q

Young intact male chicken
Mature intact male chicken
Young castrated male chicken

A

Cockerel
Rooster/cock
Capon

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14
Q

Young female cow

Mature female cow

A

Heffer

Cow

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15
Q

Young female swine

Mature female swine

A

Gilt

Sow

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16
Q

Young female sheep

Mature female sheep

A

Ewe lamb

Ewe

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17
Q

Young female horse

Mature female horse

A

Filly

Mare

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18
Q

Young female goat

Mature female goat

A

Doe

Doe

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19
Q

Young female chicken

Mature female chicken

A

Pullet

Hen

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20
Q

Mixed sex twins where th female doesn’t sexually develop normally

A

Freemartin

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21
Q

Young cow meat

Mature cow meat

A

Veal/calf

Beef

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22
Q

Swine meat (young and mature)

A

Pork

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23
Q

Young sheep meat

Mature sheep meat

A

Lamb

Mutton

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24
Q

Horse meat (young and mature)

A

Horsemeat

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25
Q

Young goat meat

Mature goat meat

A

Kid

Goatmeat

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26
Q

Chicken meat (young and mature)

A

Chicken

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27
Q

Human uses of animals and animal products (7)

A
Food
Clothing
By products
Pleasure
Power
Manure
Research models
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28
Q

Uses: Food

A

Eggs
Milk
Organs
Carcass

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29
Q

Uses: Clothing

A

Leather
Wool
Pelts

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30
Q

Uses: By-products

A

Pharmaceuticals

Animal feeds

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31
Q

Uses:Pleasure
___ dogs
___ cats
___ horses

A

Emotional well being
59 million dogs
75 million cats
9 million horses

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32
Q

Uses : Manure

______ manure common in Georgia

A

Fertilizer
Energy
Buildings
Chicken manure common in Ga

33
Q

Human population expected to reach ______ by 2040

A

9 billion

34
Q

World population of chicken

  1. _______ 5.2 B
  2. _______ 2.1 B
A

20.7 billion
China
US

35
Q

Number 1 consumer of chicken is _______ while the US is number ___

A

Hong Kong

2

36
Q

World population of cattle ______ B

  1. ______ 213 M
  2. ______ 93 M
A
  1. 4 B
  2. Brazil
  3. US
37
Q

Number 1 consumer of cattle is ______ while the US is number ___

A

Argentina

3

38
Q

World population of sheep
1._______ 139M
#1 consumer:______

A

1.1 B
1. China
Australia

39
Q
World population of swine
1.\_\_\_\_\_\_ 465 M
2.\_\_\_\_\_\_ 66 M
#1 consumer:\_\_\_\_\_
#_ consumer: US
A
967 M
China
US
Denmark
17
40
Q
World population dairy cattle
1.\_\_\_\_\_ 44M
_. US 9m
#1 consumer:\_\_\_\_\_
#_ consumer: US
A
265 m
India
4.
Finland
#16
41
Q

World population of horses
1. ____ 10.2 M
#1 consumer: _____

A

58.4 M
US
Italy

42
Q

Ratio of cereal grains calories and protein

Ratio of animal products calories and protein

A

50:45%
16:37%
Animal products have better ratio

43
Q

Meat has a high _________ ______

A

Biological value

44
Q

Make up matches human requirements

A

Amino acids

45
Q

All _____ _____ _____ are present in the correct proportions in meat

A

Essential amino acids

46
Q

Animal products are an excellent source of _-_____ and the only natural source of _______ _-__

A

B vitamins

Vitamin B12

47
Q

Not getting enough nutrients

A

Undernourishment

48
Q

Not good quality of nutrients in food

A

Malnutrition

49
Q

Major difference between developed and developing countries is _______ and ________

A

Money and mechanization

50
Q

About ___% of worlds tractors are in US

A

20

51
Q

In 2005,__% of US population fed __%

A

2

98

52
Q

One farmer fed __ US and __ world citizens

A

94 and 34

53
Q

Percent disposable income spend on food in:
America
Developing countries

A

~11%

30-60%

54
Q

Food is most affordable in which country?

A

United States

55
Q

Reasons for inadequate food supply in developing countries (6)

A
Lack of knowledge
Population concentration 
Lack or wealth 
Governmental policies
Environmental challenges
Religious or social taboo
56
Q

Population Concentration:
Asia __% people/__% ag production
North America __% people/__% ag production

A

50/22

6/27

57
Q

US beef cow inventory
1. ______
_. Georgia

A

29.3 M
Texas
21

58
Q

US cattle on feed inventory

1.____

A

13.6 M

Texas

59
Q

US dairy cow inventory
1._____
_. Georgia

A

9.2 M
California
25.

60
Q

US Hogs and pigs inventory
1._____
_. Georgia

A

65.9 M
Iowa
26.

61
Q

US breeding sheep inventory

1._____

A

40 M

Texas

62
Q

In 1940s, there were ___ M breeding sheep in US

Population has _______

A

56M

Decreased

63
Q

East of the Mississippi River, there are _____ ______ systems for breeding sheep

A

Farm flock systems

64
Q

US broiler inventory
1. _____
Population concentrated in __________ of US

A

8.6 B
Georgia
Southeast

65
Q

Broiler inventory is ________ ________. (All owned by one company)

A

Vertically integrated

66
Q

Location of broilers in US is referred to as ______ ____ and includes Georgia, North Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, and Arkansas

A

Broiler Belt

67
Q

Where majority of hogs are located is referred to as the _____ ____ and is located _____ _____ US

A

Corn Belt

Northern middle

68
Q

________ _______ is located in North Carolina which is why it is number 2 in hogs and pigs inventory

A

Smithfield Foods

69
Q

2008 US horse inventory

1.________

A

9.2M

Texas

70
Q

States with top horse inventory have a large amount of ______ _______
Lots of horses make ______ to _____ trip for racing

A

Horse racing

Okala to Lexington

71
Q

Used west of Mississippi River for breeding of ewe

A

Range flock system

72
Q

Used east of Mississippi River for meat breeding of ewe

A

Farm flock system

73
Q

Bos Taurus

-British (3)

A

Angus
Hereford
Shorthorn

74
Q

Exotic/continental Bos Taurus (5)

A
Simmental
Charolais
Limousin
Gelbvieh
Maine Anjou
75
Q

Zebu Bos Indicus breeds (4)

A

Brahman
Nellore
Gir
Indu-Brazil

76
Q

American Bos Indicus breeds (4)

A

Beefmaster
Brangus
Braford
Simbrah

77
Q
American breeds composition: 
Brangus
Braford
Beefmaster
Simbrah
A

3/8 Brahman 5/8 angus
3/8 Brahman 5/8 Hereford
1/2 Brahman 1/4 Hereford 1/4 shorthorn
3/8 Brahman 5/8 Simmental

78
Q

Simangus
Limflex
Balancer

A

Angus and Simmental
Limousin and angus
Angus and gelbvieh

79
Q

What breeds handle heat better?

A

Bos Indicus