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PTCB Exam > Ch: 1 > Flashcards

Ch: 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an active ingredient?

A

the specific component of a drug that accomplishes the treatment or prevention of disease.

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2
Q

What is bioequivalence?

A

when two drugs are metabolized and processed by the body the same way.

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3
Q

What is pharmaceutical equivalence?

A

a drug that has the same active ingredient, dosage, concentration/strength, and route of administration as the brand product.

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4
Q

What is the Orange Book?

A

an FDA database that names drug products that meet the safety effectiveness requirements of the FDA.

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5
Q

What is tolerence?

A

the reduced sensitivity to a drug with a subsequent need for more of a drug to achieve a desired affect.

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6
Q

What is cross-tolerence?

A

the reduced sensitivity to a substance effects because of a developed tolerence to another similar drug.

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7
Q

What is an additive effect?

A

each drug’s effect is simply added to the other to come up with a combined total effect (1+1=2)

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8
Q

What is synergism?

A

an exaggerated effect caused by the use of two or more drugs that are similar in action (1+1=5)

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9
Q

What is potentiation?

A

where one drug intensifies the effect of another (0+1=10)

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10
Q

What is antagonism?

A

where one drug counteracts the effects of another.

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11
Q

What does grapefruit contain?

A

furanocommarins

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12
Q

What drugs should you avoid eating grapefruit with?

A

statins, bp meds (this can alter the way statin drugs are absorbed or mentabolized which increases the levels on the drug in the body)

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13
Q

What does natural black licorice contain?

A

glycyrrhiza

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14
Q

What drug should you avoid taking and eating natural black licorice with?

A

digoxin

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15
Q

What does natural black licorice do to digoxin?

A

it can deplete potassium in the body. Lowered potassium intensifies digoxin and its side effects.

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16
Q

Does artificial black licorice affect digoxin?

A

no

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17
Q

What does chocolate and aged cheese contain?

A

tyramine (an amino acid that helps bp regulation)

18
Q

What drugs should you avoid eating chocolate and aged cheese with?

A

MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)

19
Q

What does the combination of MAOIs and chocolate/aged cheese do?

A

it can cause an increased bp to unsafe levels

20
Q

What do green leafy vegetables contain?

A

vitamin K (which helps with blood clotting)

21
Q

What drug should you avoid eating leafy greeg vegetables with?

A

Warfarin

22
Q

What can the combination of warfarin and green leafy vegetables do?

A

it can reduce the effectiveness of the blood thinner and cause issues in those with Cardio vascular disease.

23
Q

What is a drug-disease interaction?

A

when a drug intended for therapeutic use causes some harmful effects because of a disease or condition a patient has.

24
Q

What does nephrotoxic mean?

A

a drug toxic to the kidneys.

25
Q

What is hypertension?

A

high blood pressure

26
Q

What things do not go well with hypertension?

A

otc decongestants, NSAIDS, and antiacids.

27
Q

What do otc decongestants do in terms of hypertension?

A

they shrink the blood vessels which raises BP

28
Q

What do NSAIDS do in terms of hypertension?

A

can cause fluid retention

29
Q

What do antacids do in terms of hypertension?

A

it contains magnesium, which can affect heart rhythm.

30
Q

What is Beers criteria?

A

recommendations as to what drugs should be avoided or given with caution in patients over 65.

31
Q

What is an adverse drug reaction?

A

a bad side effect

32
Q

What is paradoxical reaction?

A

reactions to a drug that are opposite of the intended effect.

33
Q

what are idiosyncratic reactions?

A

rare and unpredictable drug reactions that dont occur in most patients (can be easily life threatening)

34
Q

What are drugs interactions?

A

a state of a drug interacting with another drug or component in diet

35
Q

What are some common side effects?

A

headache, nausea, diarrhea, drowsiness, constipation, skin irritation, dry mouth

36
Q

What are some severe side effects?

A

swelling, difficulty breathing, seizures, very low bp

37
Q

What does a drug having a narrow therapeutic index mean?

A

it is only safe and effective within a small range.

38
Q

What is a contraindication?

A

what makes a medication or process not recommended. this outlines why a person should or not receive treatment.

39
Q

What are types on contraindications?

A

absolute, and relative

40
Q

What is an absolute contraindication?

A

where a procedure or drug could be life threatening and should be avoided.

41
Q

What is a relative contraindication?

A

where a procedure or drug should be used with caution in situations where the benefits outweigh the risks

PTCB Exam (6 decks)

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