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Cestodes - Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 regions of the tapeworm body?

A
  • Scolex
  • Neck
  • Strobila
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2
Q

What are the 2 medically important orders of cestodes?

A
  • Pseudophyllidea
  • Cyclophyllidea
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3
Q

When comparing Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea, how do they differ with respect to their eggs, stages that hatch from the egg, number of intermediate hosts, and the larval stages that occur?

A
  • Pseudophyllidea:
    • Eggs –> embryonate in water + infective to
      humans that eat fish
    • Stages that hatch from egg –> Coracidia
    • # of intermediate hosts –> 2
    • Larval stages –> procercoid larvae +
      plerocercoid larva
  • Cyclophyllidea:
    • Eggs –> infective only to cow
    • Stages that hatch from egg -> oncospheres
    • # of intermediate hosts –> 1
    • Larval stages –> oncosphere + cysticerci
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4
Q

Humans can serve as two types of hosts for cestodes: which type is of greater medical significance and why?

A
  • Humans serve as intermediate hosts
    - potentially highly pathogenic
  • Humans as definitive hosts
    - nonpathogenic
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5
Q

What drug treats adult tapeworm infection?

A

Niclosamide + praziquantel

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6
Q

What is the common name of Diphyllobothrium latum? In what regions of the world does it occur? How large does it get?

A
  • Common name –> broad fish tapeworm
  • Occurs worldwide
  • Length –> up to 30 feet long
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7
Q

Describe the following structures of D. latum: scolex.

A

bothria located here –> two longitudinal “sucking” grooves

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8
Q

Describe the following structures of D. latum: uterus

A

rosette shape

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9
Q

Describe the following structures of D. latum: ovary.

A

bilobed

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10
Q

Describe the following structures of D. latum: testes.

A

minute, spherical, numerous

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11
Q

Describe the following structures of D. latum: vitelline glands.

A

follicular

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12
Q

How does the worm (D. latum) release its eggs?

A

exit from uterus via uterine pore

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13
Q

What is the first intermediate host in the D. latum life cycle?

A

crustaceans

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14
Q

What is the second intermediate host in the D. latum life cycle?

A

small fish

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15
Q

What is the larval stage in the first intermediate host in the D. latum life cycle?

A

procercoid larvae

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16
Q

What is the larval stage in the second intermediate host in the D. latum life cycle?

A

plerocercoid larva

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17
Q

What role is played by paratenic hosts in D. latum?

A

predator fish eats small fish + plerocercoid invades tissue

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18
Q

How do humans become infected with D. latum?

A

eating uncooked fish

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19
Q

What is the unusual disease associated with adult D. latum infection, and what is the mechanism?

A
  • B12 deficiency
    - Megaloblastic anemia
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20
Q

How is infection with D. latum diagnosed?

A

Unembryonated eggs passed in feces of definitive host

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21
Q

What is sparganosis?

A

development of plerocercoids of animal cestodes in human tissues

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22
Q

How is sparganosis diagnosed?

A

biopsy

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23
Q

How is sparganosis treated?

A

surgical removal of larva

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24
Q

What species typically causes sparganosis?

A

dogs and cats

25
In what region of the world is sparganosis a significant problem?
Most common in the orient (East related to Europe)
26
What is the common name of Taenia saginata?
beef tapeworm
27
Where does Taenia saginata occur in the world?
worldwide
28
How big does Taenia saginata? get?
5-10m
29
What is the intermediate host and what larval stage occurs in T. saginata?
- Intermediate host --> cows - Larval stage --> oncospheres + cysticerci
30
What reservoir hosts occur in T. saginata?
none
31
How do humans typically become infected with T. saginata?
eat infected + uncooked beef
32
What are the medical consequences of infection with T. saginata?
inflammation + toxic reaction, intestinal discomfort, and fibrosis
33
Describe the structure of the egg of T. saginata.
oncosphere, inner layer of embryophore, outer layer of embryophore, gelatinous layer, and capsule
34
Which part of the T. saginata egg is usually missing in fecal specimens?
capsule + gelatinous layer
35
What is the common name of Taenia solium?
pork tapeworm
36
Where does T. solium occur in the world?
worldwide
37
How big does T. solium get?
2-7m
38
How does the structure of the scolex differ in T. solium and T. saginata?
- T. solium scolex --> armed - T. saginata scolex --> unarmed
39
How does the structure of the gravid proglottid differ in T. solium and T. saginata?
- T. solium gravid proglottid --> darker and more squiggly - T. saginata gravid proglottid --> has an outer layer/membrane + insides are more organized and straight across from one side to another
40
What is the intermediate host and what larval stage occurs in T. solium?
- Intermediate host --> pig (swine) -Larval stage --> oncosphere + cysticerci
41
Are there any reservoir hosts in T. solium?
none
42
Other than the different intermediate host, what is the major difference between the life cycle T. saginata and T. solium?
Unlike T. saginata --> eggs of T. solium develop into cysticerci in humans if injested --> humans = intermediate host
43
What are the medical consequences of infection with adult T. solium?
- Cysticercosis --> eggs develop into cysticerci in humans if ingested Effects: * Fibrosis surrounding cysticerci --> liver, muscle, eye, CNS * Pressure effects * Severe inflammation if worm dies --> fatal if in brain
44
What is the name of the medical condition in which humans are infected with larval T. solium?
neurocysticercosis
45
What are the medical consequences of neurocysticercosis?
leading cause of epilepsy in the US
46
Where is neurocysticercosis condition a problem in the US?
Houston, LA
47
How are infections with adult T. solium (vs. adult T. saginata) diagnosed?
small intestine of humans
48
What is the common name of Echinococcus granulosus?
dog tapeworm
49
How big does Echinococcus granulosus get?
3-6mm
50
What is the definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus?
dogs + other canidae (canines)
51
What types of animals serve as intermediate hosts in Echinococcus granulosus?
sheep, goats, swine
52
What larval stage develops in the intermediate host in Echinococcus granulosus?
oncosphere --> unilocular hydatid cyst
53
How do humans typically become infected with the larval stage of E. granulosus?
humans infected as a result of intimate behavior with dogs (dogs licking face) --> ingestion of egg
54
Would ingesting uncooked tissue from infected intermediate hosts of E. granulosus be hazardous?
no
55
What are the pathological effects of a unilocular hydatid cyst?
one of the most pathogenic helminths for humans
56
How is infection with a unilocular hydatid cyst diagnosed?
hydatid stage in live lungs
57
What are the infective stage for unilocular hydatid cysts?
embryonated egg in feces
58
What is unusual about the structure of the mature proglottid and gravid uterus of Dipylidium caninum?
- Mature proglottid --> has 2 sets of ovaries + 2 genital pores - Gravid uterus --> uterus paired w/16-20 radial branches each (which disappear early) + fragments into egg packets
59
How are infections with Dipylidium caninum contracted?
Ingesting a flea infected with cysticercoid

Parasitology (9 decks)

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