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Parasitology > Cestodes - Exam Questions > Flashcards

Cestodes - Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 regions of the tapeworm body?

A
  • Scolex
  • Neck
  • Strobila
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2
Q

What are the 2 medically important orders of cestodes?

A
  • Pseudophyllidea
  • Cyclophyllidea
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3
Q

When comparing Pseudophyllidea and Cyclophyllidea, how do they differ with respect to their eggs, stages that hatch from the egg, number of intermediate hosts, and the larval stages that occur?

A
  • Pseudophyllidea:
    • Eggs –> embryonate in water + infective to
      humans that eat fish
    • Stages that hatch from egg –> Coracidia
    • # of intermediate hosts –> 2
    • Larval stages –> procercoid larvae +
      plerocercoid larva
  • Cyclophyllidea:
    • Eggs –> infective only to cow
    • Stages that hatch from egg -> oncospheres
    • # of intermediate hosts –> 1
    • Larval stages –> oncosphere + cysticerci
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4
Q

Humans can serve as two types of hosts for cestodes: which type is of greater medical significance and why?

A
  • Humans serve as intermediate hosts
    - potentially highly pathogenic
  • Humans as definitive hosts
    - nonpathogenic
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5
Q

What drug treats adult tapeworm infection?

A

Niclosamide + praziquantel

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6
Q

What is the common name of Diphyllobothrium latum? In what regions of the world does it occur? How large does it get?

A
  • Common name –> broad fish tapeworm
  • Occurs worldwide
  • Length –> up to 30 feet long
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7
Q

Describe the following structures of D. latum: scolex.

A

bothria located here –> two longitudinal “sucking” grooves

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8
Q

Describe the following structures of D. latum: uterus

A

rosette shape

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9
Q

Describe the following structures of D. latum: ovary.

A

bilobed

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10
Q

Describe the following structures of D. latum: testes.

A

minute, spherical, numerous

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11
Q

Describe the following structures of D. latum: vitelline glands.

A

follicular

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12
Q

How does the worm (D. latum) release its eggs?

A

exit from uterus via uterine pore

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13
Q

What is the first intermediate host in the D. latum life cycle?

A

crustaceans

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14
Q

What is the second intermediate host in the D. latum life cycle?

A

small fish

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15
Q

What is the larval stage in the first intermediate host in the D. latum life cycle?

A

procercoid larvae

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16
Q

What is the larval stage in the second intermediate host in the D. latum life cycle?

A

plerocercoid larva

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17
Q

What role is played by paratenic hosts in D. latum?

A

predator fish eats small fish + plerocercoid invades tissue

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18
Q

How do humans become infected with D. latum?

A

eating uncooked fish

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19
Q

What is the unusual disease associated with adult D. latum infection, and what is the mechanism?

A
  • B12 deficiency
    - Megaloblastic anemia
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20
Q

How is infection with D. latum diagnosed?

A

Unembryonated eggs passed in feces of definitive host

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21
Q

What is sparganosis?

A

development of plerocercoids of animal cestodes in human tissues

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22
Q

How is sparganosis diagnosed?

A

biopsy

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23
Q

How is sparganosis treated?

A

surgical removal of larva

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24
Q

What species typically causes sparganosis?

A

dogs and cats

25
Q

In what region of the world is sparganosis a significant problem?

A

Most common in the orient (East related to Europe)

26
Q

What is the common name of Taenia saginata?

A

beef tapeworm

27
Q

Where does Taenia saginata occur in the world?

A

worldwide

28
Q

How big does Taenia saginata? get?

A

5-10m

29
Q

What is the intermediate host and what larval stage occurs in T. saginata?

A
  • Intermediate host –> cows
    - Larval stage –> oncospheres + cysticerci
30
Q

What reservoir hosts occur in T. saginata?

A

none

31
Q

How do humans typically become infected with T. saginata?

A

eat infected + uncooked beef

32
Q

What are the medical consequences of infection with T. saginata?

A

inflammation + toxic reaction, intestinal discomfort, and fibrosis

33
Q

Describe the structure of the egg of T. saginata.

A

oncosphere, inner layer of embryophore, outer layer of embryophore, gelatinous layer, and capsule

34
Q

Which part of the T. saginata egg is usually missing in fecal specimens?

A

capsule + gelatinous layer

35
Q

What is the common name of Taenia solium?

A

pork tapeworm

36
Q

Where does T. solium occur in the world?

A

worldwide

37
Q

How big does T. solium get?

A

2-7m

38
Q

How does the structure of the scolex differ in T. solium and T. saginata?

A
  • T. solium scolex –> armed
  • T. saginata scolex –> unarmed
39
Q

How does the structure of the gravid proglottid differ in T. solium and T. saginata?

A
  • T. solium gravid proglottid –> darker and
    more squiggly
  • T. saginata gravid proglottid –> has an outer
    layer/membrane + insides are more
    organized and straight across from one side
    to another
40
Q

What is the intermediate host and what larval stage occurs in T. solium?

A
  • Intermediate host –> pig (swine)
    -Larval stage –> oncosphere + cysticerci
41
Q

Are there any reservoir hosts in T. solium?

A

none

42
Q

Other than the different intermediate host, what is the major difference between the life cycle T. saginata and T. solium?

A

Unlike T. saginata –> eggs of T. solium develop into cysticerci in humans if injested –> humans = intermediate host

43
Q

What are the medical consequences of infection with adult T. solium?

A
  • Cysticercosis –> eggs develop into cysticerci in humans if ingested

Effects:
* Fibrosis surrounding cysticerci –> liver,
muscle, eye, CNS
* Pressure effects
* Severe inflammation if worm dies –> fatal
if in brain

44
Q

What is the name of the medical condition in which humans are infected with larval T. solium?

A

neurocysticercosis

45
Q

What are the medical consequences of neurocysticercosis?

A

leading cause of epilepsy in the US

46
Q

Where is neurocysticercosis condition a problem in the US?

A

Houston, LA

47
Q

How are infections with adult T. solium (vs. adult T. saginata) diagnosed?

A

small intestine of humans

48
Q

What is the common name of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

dog tapeworm

49
Q

How big does Echinococcus granulosus get?

A

3-6mm

50
Q

What is the definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

dogs + other canidae (canines)

51
Q

What types of animals serve as intermediate hosts in Echinococcus granulosus?

A

sheep, goats, swine

52
Q

What larval stage develops in the intermediate host in Echinococcus granulosus?

A

oncosphere –> unilocular hydatid cyst

53
Q

How do humans typically become infected with the larval stage of E. granulosus?

A

humans infected as a result of intimate behavior with dogs (dogs licking face) –> ingestion of egg

54
Q

Would ingesting uncooked tissue from infected intermediate hosts of E. granulosus be hazardous?

A

no

55
Q

What are the pathological effects of a unilocular hydatid cyst?

A

one of the most pathogenic helminths for humans

56
Q

How is infection with a unilocular hydatid cyst diagnosed?

A

hydatid stage in live lungs

57
Q

What are the infective stage for unilocular hydatid cysts?

A

embryonated egg in feces

58
Q

What is unusual about the structure of the mature proglottid and gravid uterus of Dipylidium caninum?

A
  • Mature proglottid –> has 2 sets of ovaries + 2
    genital pores
  • Gravid uterus –> uterus paired w/16-20 radial branches each (which disappear early) + fragments into egg packets
59
Q

How are infections with Dipylidium caninum contracted?

A

Ingesting a flea infected with cysticercoid

Parasitology (9 decks)

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