Cervicothoracic Spine I Flashcards
With ___________ stiff areas may not be painful
A. hypermobility
B. hypomobility
B.
If hypomobile areas in the body are not addressed, it will usually cause painful _____________ compensations
hypermobile
You should ________ stiff areas for more distributed motion
mobilize
With hypermobile areas, they are usually painful because …..?
bc the axis of motion is less controlled
You should _________ hypermobile areas, particularly which muscles?
stabilize
deeper/local muscles
When treating patients, you should always address the ________ joints/areas
adjacent
Facet joints determine ______ and amount of _______
direction; motion
O-C2 is the ________ cervical spine
upper
O-C2 is usually in the ________ plane
transverse
O-C2 favors ________ particuraly at __-____
rotation; C1-C2
C2-C7 is the _______ cervical spine
lower
C2-C7 is between the _______ and ________ planes
frontal; transverse
C2-C7 favors all ________ rather _______
A. planes; equally
B. motions; unilaterally
C. motions; equally
C. motions; equally
The upper thoracic spine is MOSTLY in the _________ plane
frontal
What part of the body limits a greater SB in upper thoracic spine?
ribs
What motion is the greatest in the upper thoracic spine? What’s the least?
rotation…followed by SB, FLX and least with EXT
Rotation by segment: Thoracic
Most at ____ and _____
Least at ____and____
T5-T10
T11-T12
What are the 4 variables for stabilization?
- joint integrity (cartilage)
- passive stiffness (ligaments)
- neural input
- muscle function
Global muscles are _______
A. deep
B. superficial
B.
Local muscles are ____
A. deep
B. superficial
A.
_______ muscles are further from AOM, anaerobic, and have type II fibers
*These are known as the rotary/mirror muscles
Global
_______ muscles are closer to AOM, aerobic, and type I fibers
*These are known as the postural/stabilization muscles
Local
Longus Colli and Suboccipitals are _______ muscles
local
If your multifidus and rotatores are smaller, you are at risk for what?
higher injury rate
Pelvic floor and transversus abdominus- increases contraction of which muscle?
Multifidus
What are the 4 causes for inhibited muscles?
P!
Swelling
Joint Laxity
Disuse
With inhibited muscles, there will be delayed motor ________ and _________ of the local muscles
activation; coordination
With local muscle atrophy, _______ starts to decline
strength
If a muscle starts to have a low supply what will happen?
other muscles will start to become overworked
With local muscles inhibited, the _______ muscle’s use will increase and have insufficient motor activity
global
With inhibited muscles, there with be decreased cervical proprioception (position sense) and ___________
kinesthesia (motion sense)
With inhibited muscles it will cause increased stress on _______ structures
A. contractile
B. non-contractile
B.
Muscle activation of ____% is sufficient to keep stability and can improve muscular endurance
30
________ _________ is a set of observable pain characteristics of an individual resulting from body and environment interaction
pain phenotyping
Nociceptive P! is a _________ tissue compromise
A. nervous
B. non-nervous
B.
What is a common nociceptive condition that causes P! from the spine?
Spondylogenic
___________ P! is local & referred from noxious stimulation of spine structures
Nociceptive
Does nociceptive P! cause visceral dysfunction?
NO
With somatic convergence, sensory afferents converge and share what?
same innervation
Somatic convergence is a greater referral of ______ and _______ structures
A. superficial; distal
B. proximal; deep
B.
Non-segmental P! means what?
not from the spinal n.
How would your pt. describe non-segmental pain?
vague, deep, achy, and boring
With non-segmental pain, the neuro scan would be ______
WNL
Viscerogenic P! is referred P! from where?
an organ
_________ __________ is when the viscera and somatic (body) sensory afferent and CONVERGE and SHARE same inn.
Viscerosomatic convergence
With neuropathic P!, the _______ tissue is compromised
nervous
____________ is ectopic or abnormal discharge from HIGHLY INFLAMMED spinal n. (dorsal root) and is NOT common
Radicular P!
What are the symptoms for radicular pain?
electrical shock P! an is narrow
Dural mobility would be + or - for radicular pain?
+
____________ is decreased conduction of spinal n. due to compression and/or inflammation
radiculopathy
_____________ is involved wth segmental paresthesia; + neuro scan (hypoactivity); slow progression; constant and long duration
A. radicular P!
B. radiculopathy
B.
___________ P! decreased conduction of n. branch (Ex: median n. w/ carpal tunnel syndrome)
peripheral
____________ P! is involved with non-segmental paresthesia and is often intermittent and has short duration
Peripheral
With peripheral nerve pain: dermatomes, DTRs, and myotomes would be WNL, why?
it does not involve spinal nerves
With peripheral nerve P! there will be _________ sensation along peripheral n. distribution
decreased
Peripheral P! would be _____ with dural mobility
+
__________ P! is altered P! perception w/o evidence of an actual threat to tissue
nociplastic
