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Upper Body Anatomy > Cervical Spine > Flashcards

Cervical Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7 cervical vertebrae

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2
Q

What are the vertebrae in the upper cervical spine?

A

C0-C2

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3
Q

What are the vertebrae in the lower cervical spine?

A

C3-C7

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4
Q

What type of spinal curve is the cervical spine?

A

Cervical Lordosis

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5
Q

What vertebrae have no disc?

A

C1-C2

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6
Q

How many interverbal discs are there?

A

6 thin interverbal discs

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7
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the cervical spine?

A

8 pairs of spinal nerves in cervical spine

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8
Q

What vertebrae afe included in the Typical cervical?

A

C3-C6

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9
Q

What vertebrae are included in the Atypical of cervical spine?

A

C1
C2
C7

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10
Q

What are the features of a Typical cervical vertebrae?

A
  1. Large triangular vertebral foramen
  2. Short spinous process bifid
  3. Articular process in oblique plane
  4. Small and wide vertebral body
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11
Q

What is the features of Atypical vertebral C1?

A
  1. Atlas
  2. No vertebral body
  3. No spinous process
  4. Presence of lateral masses
  5. Widest cervical vertebrae
  6. Longer and more lateral transverse processes
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12
Q

What is the features of Atypical vertebrae C2?

A
  1. Axis

2. Presebce of dens which is odontoid peg

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13
Q

What is the key feature of Atypical vertebrae C7?

A
  1. Vertebral prominens

2. Non bifid spinous process

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14
Q

What are the cervial vertevral unique characteristics?

A
  1. Saddle shaped vertbral body
  2. Triangular vertebral foramen
  3. Transverse foramen
  4. Short transverse processes C2-7
  5. Bifid spinous process C2-6
  6. Uncinate processes C3-7
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15
Q

What are the 6 facts about the cervical intervertebral discs?

A
  1. no disc between C1 and C2
  2. Discs are thicker anteriorly cos of lordosis
  3. Disc degenerative change at age 15
  4. C5/6 disc most vulnerable
    Disc is reinforced by the uncovertebral joint
  5. Cervical disc loading affected by head weight and posture
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16
Q

How are the spinal nerve organised in the cervical spine?

A
  1. Cervical spinal nerves C1-7 emerge above their corresponding vertebrae
  2. Cervical spine nerve 8 exits below to the C7 vertebrae
  3. Cervical spinal nerve C5 exits between C5 and C4
  4. Cervical spinal nerve C8 exits betwen C7 and T1

All spinal nerves ij the thoratic and lumbar regions exits below their corrosponding verteabrae

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17
Q

What are the 5 joints in the cervical spine?

A
  1. Atlanto occipital joint C0,1
  2. Atlanto axial joint C1,2
  3. Zygapophyseal joints
  4. Unconvertebral joints
  5. Intervertebral joints
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18
Q

Where does the Atlanto occipital joint C0-1 take place?

A

Articulation between superior articular surface of lateral massess (atlas) and occipital condyles

Baso occipital condyles and lateral masses

19
Q

What is the Atlanto occipital joint classed as?

A

Condyloid joint

20
Q

What movements does the Atlanto occipital joint permit?

A

Flextion
Extention
Eg nodding

21
Q

Is there a intervertebral disc in the atlanto occipital joint?

A

No there isnt

22
Q

What are the degrees of each momvent at the Atlanto occipital joint?

A

Flextion- 3.5-15
Extention- 21
Roation- 6.6-7.9
Layeral flextion- 5-6

23
Q

What is the pivot joint of Atlanto axial joint?

A

Articulation 1 median

- anterior arch of C1 and dens of C2

24
Q

What is the gliding joint of Atlanto axial joint?

A

Articulation 2 lateral

- inferior facets of lateral masses of C1 and superior facets of C2

25
Q

What movements are permitted at the Atlanto axial joint?

A

Rotation

26
Q

What are the degrees of each momevmts at the Atlanto axial joint?

A

Flexrion- 11.5
Extention- 10.9
Rotation- 38-39
Lateral flextipn- 4-9

27
Q

What type is zygapophyseal joint?

A

Plane joints

28
Q

Where is the zygapophyseal joint oriented?

A

45 degrees in oblique plane

29
Q

What movements foes the zygapophyseal joint permit?

A

Flextion- 25
Extention- 85
Rotation- 50
Lateral flextio - 40

30
Q

The movement of flextion at zygapophyseal joint what vertebrae holds most weight?

A

C5-6

C6-7

31
Q

The movement extention at the zygapophyseal joint what vertebrae holds the most weight?

A

Head- C1

32
Q

What facts do we need to know about lateral flextion at the zygapophyseal joint?

A

Lateral flextion and rotation occur as linked movements

Lateral flextion is accompanied
by ipsilateral roation

33
Q

The movement roation at the zygapophyseal joint what vertebrae holds the most weight?

A

Head - C3

34
Q

Where is the unconvertebral joints located?

A

Articulation between unicinate process (inferior) and uncus (superior)

35
Q

What 3 facts do we need to know about the unconvertebral joints?

A
  1. Uncinate processes develop with age abd vary in height
  2. Joint provides motion and stability
  3. Common site for osteoarthritic changes
36
Q

What 4 factors determine movement in the cervicle spine?

A
  1. IVD
  2. Articular surfaced of zygapophyseal joints
  3. Joint capsuals
  4. Surrounding musculature
37
Q

What are the 3 main ligaments in the cervicle spine?

A
  1. Anterior longitudinal ligament
  2. Supraspinous ligament
  3. Ligamentum nuchae
38
Q

What is the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Starts at anterior tubercle of atlas and descends

39
Q

What is the ligamentum nuchae?

A

From the posterior tubercle of atlas and descends - continues with supraspinous ligament below

40
Q

What is the tectorial membrane?

A

From body of axis to occiput. Continues with Posterior longitudinal ligament

41
Q

What is the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

From body of axis and descends

Continuous with the tectorial membrane above

42
Q

What is the ligamentum flavum?

A

Between the laminae of adjacent vertebrae starting at C1/C3

43
Q

What is the intertransverse ligament?

A

Between transverse process of each vertebrae

Insignificant and often absent in cervical region

Upper Body Anatomy (6 decks)

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