Cerebral Palsy (CP)

Question 1

What is CP?

Answer 1

Cerebral Palsy:
A non-progressive neuromotor disorder resulting from brain damage before, during, or shortly after birth.
-Congenital (Pre, peri or postnatal brain damage)
-usually due to fetal inoxia

Question 2

What are the 5 categories of CP?

Answer 2

1. Quadriplegia
2. Diplegia
3. Paraplegia
4. Hemiplegia
5. Monoplegia

Question 3

Define Quadriplegia

Answer 3

Paralysis of the trunk and all 4 limbs

Question 4

Define Diplegia

Answer 4

Paralysis of corresponding extremities on both sides of the body

Question 5

Define Paraplegia

Answer 5

Paralysis of the lower trunk and both lower extremities

Question 6

Define Hemiplegia

Answer 6

Paralysis of one side of the body

Question 7

Define Monoplegia

Answer 7

Paralysis of a single extremity

Question 8

What are the 5 classifications of CP?

Answer 8

1. Spastic
2. Athetoid
3. Ataxic
4. Rigid
5. Mixed

Question 9

Quantify and define Spastic CP

Answer 9

50% of CP population (most common)

• increased muscle tone
• exaggerated stretch reflex
• slow, effortful, jerky movements

Question 10

Quantify and define Athetoid CP

Answer 10

10% of CP population

• slow, writhing involuntary movements when volitional acts are attempted
• fluctuating muscle tone from a normal at rest to hypertonic with involuntary movements
• increased involuntary movements with stress/distraction

Question 11

Quantify and define Ataxic CP

Answer 11

5-10% of CP population

• disturbed equilibrium resulting in balance problems
• reflexes and muscle tone are normal

Question 12

Quantify and define Rigid CP

Answer 12

1% of CP population

• simultaneous contraction of all muscle groups
• constant muscle tone
• slow and effortful voluntary movements

Question 13

Quantify and define Mixed CP

Answer 13

30% of all CP population

• combination of more than one type
• most commonly Spastic and Athetoid
• one type usually dominates

Question 14

List 7 CP Articulation problems

Answer 14

• more articulation errors with Athetoid than Spastic
• ineffective or imprecise articulation due to affected muscle strength, tone, speed and range of movement
• slurred speech quality
• difficulty with tongue-tip sounds
• difficulty phonating, prolonging words
• predominance of omissions
• difficulty with word-final positions
• phonological processes
• poorer articulation in connected speech than single words

Question 15

List the 3 CP Resonancy problems

Answer 15

-hypernasality
-nasal emission
poor oral resonance

Question 16

List 5 CP Phonatory problems

Answer 16

• weak voice
• poor volume
• poor control of loudness
• whisper/loss of voice toward end of sentence
• high pitch
• strained vocal quality
• breathiness

Question 17

List the 4 CP Respiratory problems

Answer 17

• rapid breathing rate
• excessive diaphragmatic activity
• flattening/flaring of rib cage
• indented sternum

Question 18

List 3 CP Prosodic problems

Answer 18

• monotone
• monoloudness
• lack of smooth flow of speech
• dysprosody

Question 19

List the 3 Associated problems with CP

Answer 19

• slow, jerky jaw movements
• impaired/discoordinated tongue movements
• slow DDK rates