Cerebral palsy

Question 1

What lesion is it

Answer 1

CNS involved in motor control. The lesion that occurs is non-progressive i.e., it does not get worse.

Question 2

Causes
1. Antenatal / intrapartum
- […] […] […]
- Infection

2. Post-natal
   - […]
   - […]
   - Haemorrhage
   - Medication toxicity
   - Kernicterus - […]
3. […]

Answer 2

Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy

Meningitis
Trauma
brain damage 2ndary to high bilirubin levels

Idiopathic

Question 3

Features
1. Spastic (90% of patients with CP have some spastic features):
- General features: […] tone and reflexes, […] knife, flexed hip and elbow
- […] gait

2. Dyskinetic/ athetoid:
   - Damage to the […] ganglia
   - […] movements
3. Ataxia

Answer 3

increased, clasp
Scissor

basal
Choreiform

Question 4

Complications
- Injuries from impaired […]/coordination
- […] […] from impaired swallowing
- Muscle wasting
- Scoliosis and other MSK deformities from impaired posture and muscle control

Answer 4

balance
Aspiration pneumonia

Question 5

Mx
MDT input
Physio
SALT + dietician

Medical management:
- […] for spasms
- […] injections for contractures

Surgical management:
- Orthopaedic surgery for MSK deformities / injuries / tendon releases
- General surgery if a […] tube needs fitting

Answer 5

Baclofen
Botox

PEG