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Neuroanatomy > Cerebral Hemispheres > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

Largest part of the brain, with two hemispheres

A

Cerebrum

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2
Q

2 parts of cerebrum

A

Diencephalon and telencephalon

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3
Q

Forms the central core

A

Diencephelon

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4
Q

Forms the cerebral hemispheres

A

Telencephalon

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5
Q

Folds or convolutions that increases surface area of the brain

A

Gyrus

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6
Q

Shallow groove that separate each gyrus from each other

A

Sulcus

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7
Q

Deeper groove that separate each gyrus from each other

A

Fissures

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8
Q

Forms largest part of the brain

A

Cerebral hemisphere

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9
Q

2 cerebral hemispheres

A

Right and left hemispheres

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10
Q

Composed of gray matter; Forms a complete covering for the cerebral hemisphere

A

Cerebral cortex

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11
Q

Separates the two cerebral hemispheres containing the falx cerebri which is a sickled-shaped fold of dura mater

A

Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure

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12
Q

Connects the hemispheres across the midline;

Also known as the callosal commissure

A

Corpus callosum

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13
Q

Sulci of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Central Sulcus / Sulcus of Rolando
Lateral Sulcus / Fissure of Sylvius
Parieto-occipital Sulcus
Calcarine Sulcus

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14
Q

Only sulcus of any length on this surface of the hemisphere that indents the supermodial border and lies between two parallel gyri.

A

Central sulcus

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15
Q

Separates the frontal lobe (anterior) and parietal lobe (posterior)

A

Central sulcus

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16
Q

Gyrus that lies anterior to it contains motor cells that initiate the movements of the opposite side of the body;
Gyrus posterior to it lies the general sensory cortex and receives information from the opposite side of the body

A

Central sulcus

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17
Q

Separates the frontal (superior) and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe (inferior)

A

Lateral sulcus

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18
Q

Branches into 3 rami, which divides the inferior frontal gyrus into 3 parts (Opercular, Triangular and Orbital)

A

Lateral sulcus

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19
Q

3 rami of Lateral sulcus

A

Anterior Horizontal Ramus
Anterior Ascending Ramus
Posterior Ramus

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20
Q

Separates the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe;
Begins on the superior medial margin of the hemisphere about 2 inches anterior to the occipital pole;
Passes downward and anteriorly on the medial surface to meet the calcarine sulcus.

A

Parieto-occipital Sulcus

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21
Q

Separates the occipital lobe medially from Cuneus and Lingual gyrus
Found on the medial surface of the hemisphere
Joined at an acute angle by the parieto-occipital sulcus about halfway along its length

A

Calcarine sulcus

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22
Q

Lobes of the cerebrum

A 
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Insula or Island of Reil/Insular Cortex
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23
Q

Lobe:

Contains the primary motor area which carries out the individual movements of the different parts of the body

A

Frontal lobe

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24
Q

Lobe:

Contains the areas for sensory reception and integration of sensory information

A

Parietal lobe

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25
Q

Lobe:

Plays a role in person’s feeling and social judgment

A

Frontal lobe

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26
Q

Lobe:

Anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus

A

Frontal lobe

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27
Q

Lobe:

Associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli

A

Parietal lobe

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28
Q

Lobe:

Extends posteriorly as far as the parieto-occipital sulcus

A

Parietal lobe

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29
Q

Lobe:

Occupies the area posterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral sulcus

A

Parietal lobe

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30
Q

Sulci and Gyri of the Frontal Lobe

A 
Pre-central sulcus
Pre-centrul gyrus
Superior Frontal sulcus
Interior Frontal sulcus
Superior frontal gyrus
Middle frontal gyrus
Inferior frontal gyrus
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31
Q

Gyrus:

Lies superior to the superior frontal sulcus, contains the supplementary motor area/prefrontal cortex/pre-motor area

A

Superior frontal gyrus

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32
Q

Gyrus:

Lies between the superior and inferior frontal sulci, contains the frontal eye field responsible for eyeball movement

A

Middle frontal gyrus

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33
Q

Gyrus:

Lies inferior to the interior frontal sulcus, contains the Broca’s Area linked to speech production

A

Inferior frontal gyrus

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34
Q

Divisions of inferior frontal gyrus

A

Opercular, Triangular and Orbital parts of the Inferior Frontal Gyrus

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35
Q

Sulci and Gyri of the Parietal Lobe

A

Postcentral sulcus
Postcentral gyrus
Intraparietal sulcus

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36
Q

Gyrus:

lies between the postcentral sulcus and central sulcus, represents the primary somesthetic area

A

Postcentral gyrus

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37
Q

Intraparietal sulcus divides the parietal lobe into:

A

Superior and inferior parietal lobule

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38
Q

Gyrus:

Somatosensory, auditory and visual inputs

A

Supramarginal gyrus

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39
Q

Gyrus:

Inputs from primary visual cortex

A

Angular gyrus

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40
Q

Lobe:
Contains the primary auditory area or cortexand is associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory and speech

A

Temporal lobe

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41
Q

Lobe:

Contains primary visual area

A

Occipital lobe

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42
Q

2 structures of occipital lobe

A

Cuneus and Lingual gyrus

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43
Q

Considered as fifth lobe; An area in coordinating movements responsible for speech

A

Insula or Island of Reil/

Insular Cortex

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44
Q

Triangular area of cortex bounded by the parieto-occipital and calcarine sulci and the superior medial margin

A

Cuneus

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45
Q

Gyrus:
Between the lateral sulcus and superior temporal sulcus; contains primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area associated with speech comprehension

A

Superior temporal gyrus

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46
Q

Gyrus:

Between the superior and middle temporal sulci; contains hippocampus associated with memory

A

Middle temporal gyrus

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47
Q

Gyrus:

Inferior to the middle temporal sulcus

A

Inferior temporal gyrus

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48
Q

Sulci of Temporal lobe

A

Superior Temporal Sulci

Middle Temporal Sulci

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49
Q

Knows what he or she wants to say, but is unable to accurately produce the correct word or sentence

A

Broca’s aphasia

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50
Q

Unaware that the words they are producing are incorrect and nonsensical. May have severe comprehension difficulties and be unable to grasp the meaning of spoken words, yet may be able to produce fluent and connected speech.

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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51
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A

Brodmann area 44 and 45

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52
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A

BA 22

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53
Q

Primary auditory area

A

BA 41, 42

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54
Q

Primary somesthetic area

A

BA 3, 1, 2

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55
Q

Primary motor area

A

BA 4

56
Q

T or F: Our hemispheres are identical, but in terms of function they are different.

A

T

57
Q

Hemisphere:

Language, Math, Logic

A

Left

58
Q

Hemisphere:

Visual and Spatial Skills, Emotions, Artistic Skills

A

Right

59
Q

Band of nerve fibers that connect the two cerebral hemispheres at the midline; Also known as callosal commissure

A

Corpus callosum

60
Q

4 parts of corpus callosum

A

Rostrum, genu, body, and the spleni

61
Q

Top of corpus callosum; part of the limbic system

A

Cingulate Gyrus

62
Q

Between corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus

A

Callosal Sulcus

63
Q

Top of cingulate gyrus

A

CIngulate sulcus

64
Q

Anterior part of the lobule is continuation of precentral gyrus, while
posterior part is continuation of postcentral gyrus that is why thrombosis of an artery supplying paracentral
lobule may result to BOTH motor and sensory deficits

A

Paracentral lobule

65
Q

Surrounds the indentation produced by the central sulcus on the
superior border

A

Paracentral lobule

66
Q

Anterior to the Precuneus

A

Parieto-Occipital Sulcus

67
Q

Area bounded by the cingulate sulcus and parieto-occipital sulcus

A

Precuneus

68
Q

A triangular area cortex found between parieto-occipital sulcus and
calcarine sulcus; Involved in basic visual processing together with the precuneus

A

Cuneus

69
Q

Parallel to the calcarine sulcus

A

Collateral sulcus

70
Q

Between Calcarine sulcus and collateral sulcus; Visual processing

A

Lingual gyrus

71
Q

Continuing anteriorly from the collateral sulcus

A

Rhinal sulcus

72
Q

Separates median occipitotemporal gyrus into medial and lateral
occipitotemporal gyrus; Also seen in inferior view

A

Occipitotemporal Sulcus

73
Q

Anterior to lingual gyrus; Terminates in a hook-like uncus (Uncus: Constitutes primary
olfactory area)

A

Parahippocampal Gyrus

74
Q

Some authors consider this as the sixth lobe;
Ring of structures on the medial side of the cerebral hemisphere,
encircling the corpus callosum (cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal
gyrus, uncus)

A

Limbic lobe

75
Q

Extends from the occipital pole to the temporal.;
Bounded medially by the rhinal and collateral sulci sulci, laterally by
the occipitotemporal sulcus

A

Medial Occipitotemporal Gyrus

76
Q

Located on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe, olfactory bulb and
olfactory tract;
Overlain by the olfactory bulb and olfactory tract

A

Olfactory Sulcus

77
Q

Straight Gyrus; Medial to olfactory sulcus

A

Gyrus Rectus

78
Q

Lateral to the olfactory sulcus

A

Orbital gyri

79
Q

T or F: Our brain has a bend which refers to Diencephalic-Midbrain Junction.

A

T

80
Q

T or F: In the brain: Gray matter is on the outside, while white matter is on the inside

A

T

81
Q

In the spinal cord, where is the white and gray matter located?

A

White matter - outer

Gray matter - inner

82
Q

fluid-filled cavities in the brain

A

Ventricles

83
Q

No. of ventricles in the brain

A

4

84
Q

What fluid is found in the ventricles?

A

CSF

85
Q

Shape of lateral ventricles

A

C-shaped

86
Q

Examples of structures that are c-shaped:

A

Lateral ventricles
Corpus callosum
Fornix
Caudate nucleus

87
Q

collection of masses of gray matter situated within each hemisphere

A

Basal nuclei

88
Q

A thin sheet of gray matter that is separated from the lateral surface of the lentiform; Function in human is unknown

A

Claustrum

89
Q

Situated in the temporal lobe close to the uncus; Considered as a part of the limbic system that plays an important role in the control of posture and voluntary movement

A

Amygdaloid nucleus

90
Q

T or F: Lesions in the basal nuclei do not cause paralysis. Damage in this area will cause abnormalities in movement

A

T

91
Q

Composed of myelinated nerve fibers of different diameters supported by neuroglia

A

Cerebral white matter

92
Q

3 groups of cerebral white matter

A

Commissural, Association, and Projection Fibers

93
Q

Commissural Fibers

A 
Corpus callosum
Anterior commissure
Posterior commissure
Fornix
Habenular commissure
94
Q

The largest commissure connecting the 2 hemispheres. It lies at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure.

A

Corpus callosum

95
Q

3 parts of corpus callosum

A

Rostrum
Genu
Body

96
Q

The thin part of the anterior end of the corpus callosum.

A

Rostrum

97
Q

The curved anterior end of the corpus callosum that bends inferiorly in front of the septum pellucidum.

A

Genu

98
Q

It arches posteriorly and ends as the thickened portion called the splenium

A

Body

99
Q

when fibers of the genu curve forward into frontal lobe.

A

forceps minor

100
Q

when fibers in the splenium arch backward into the occipital lobe.

A

Forceps major

101
Q

when fibers of the body extend laterally.

A

Radiation of the corpus callosum

102
Q

fibers of the corpus callosum that form the roof and walls of the lateral ventricle

A

Tapetum

103
Q

A small bundle of nerve fibers that crosses the midline in the anterior portion

A

Anterior commissure

104
Q

Bundle of nerve fibers that cross the midline immediately above the opening of the cerebral aqueduct into the third ventricle.

A

Posterior commissure

105
Q

Composed of myelinated nerve fibers which connect the hippocampal formation of the two sides; C-shaped and part of the limbic system.

A

Fornix

106
Q

Is a small bundle of nerve fibers associated with the habenular nuclei which receive many afferents from the amygdaloid nuclei and the hippocampus. The function of this is still unknown.

A

Habenular commissure

107
Q

Nerve fibers that essentially connect various cortical regions within the same hemisphere

A

Association fibers

108
Q

Lie immediately beneath the cortex and connect adjacent gyri; these fibers run transversely to the long axis of the sulci.

A

Short association fibers

109
Q

Collected into named bundles that can be dissected in a formalin-hardened brain

A

Long association fibers

110
Q

Different association fibers

A 
Uncinate fasciculus
Cingulum
Superior longitudinal fasciculus
Arcuate fasciculus
Inferior longitudinal fasciculus
Fronto-occipital fasciculus
111
Q

Association fiber:
Connects the first motor speech area and the gyri on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe with the cortex of the pole of the temporal lobe.

A

Uncinate fasciculus

112
Q

Association fiber:
Is a long, curved fasciculus lying within the white matter of the cingulate gyrus. It connects the frontal and parietal lobes with parahippocampal and adjacent temporal cortical regions.

A

Cingulum

113
Q

Association fiber:

The largest bundle of nerve fibers connecting the anterior part of the frontal lobe to the occipital and temporal lobes.

A

Superior longitudinal fasciculus

114
Q

Association fiber:
Runs anteriorly from the occipital lobe, passing lateral to the optic radiation, and is distributed to the temporal lobe.

A

Inferior longitudinal Fasciculus

115
Q

Association fiber:

Connects the frontal lobe to the occipital and temporal lobes

A

Fronto-occipital fasciculus

116
Q

Association fiber:

part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus that bridges the Broca’s and Wernicke’s Area

A

Arcuate fasciculus

117
Q

Projection fibers that radiate in all directions to the cerebral cortex

A

Corona radiata

118
Q

The nerve fibers lying within the most posterior part of the posterior limb of the internal capsule radiate toward the calcarine sulcus and are known as the ______

A

optic radiation

119
Q

Example of projection fiber

A

Internal capsule

120
Q

Different areas of the Temporal lobe

A

Primary Auditory Area
Secondary Auditory Area
Sensory Speech Area of Wernicke’s

121
Q

Area of temporal lobe:

Hearing without giving meaning to what the ears perceive

A

Primary Auditory Area

122
Q

Area of temporal lobe:

Gives meaning to what the ears perceive

A

Secondary auditory area

123
Q

Area of temporal lobe:

Responsible for receptive speech

A

Sensory Speech Area of Wernicke’s

124
Q

Different Areas of the Frontal Lobe

A 
Pre-central Area
Posterior Region
Anterior Region
Supplementary Motor Area
Frontal Eye Field
Motor Speech Area of Broca
125
Q

Area of the frontal lobe:

Movement of the parts of the body

A

Pre-central Area

126
Q

Area of the frontal lobe:

Associated with memories of past experiences

A

Posterior Region

127
Q

Area of the frontal lobe:

For storage of motor movements

A

Anterior Region

128
Q

Area of the frontal lobe:

Needs high intensity stimuli to excite the part of the body; found in the medial side of frontal lobe

A

Supplementary Motor Area

129
Q

Area of the frontal lobe:

For visual tracking

A

Frontal Eye Field

130
Q

Area of the frontal lobe:

Located in the inferior frontal gyrus; Responsible for expressive speech

A

Motor Speech Area of Broca

131
Q

Area of the frontal lobe:

For executive functioning, imagination and memory.

A

Prefrontal cortex

132
Q

Different areas of Parietal lobe

A 
Primary Somasthetic Area
Secondary Somasthetic Area
Somasthetic Association Area
Vestibular Area
Taste Area
133
Q

Area of parietal lobe:

Taste area; sensation

A

Primary Somasthetic Area

134
Q

Area of parietal lobe:

Gives meaning to different body sensations

A

Secondary Somasthetic Area

135
Q

Area of parietal lobe:

Responsible for naming objects that are unseen but felt

A

Somasthetic Association Area

136
Q

Area of parietal lobe:

Associated with balance

A

Vestibular Area

137
Q

Area of parietal lobe:

Associated with sense of taste.

A

Taste area

Neuroanatomy (9 decks)

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