Cerebral Cortex Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

the cerebral cortex consists of how many neurons

Answer 1

20 billion neurons

Question 2

along with the corpus callosum, what connects the hemisphers?

Answer 2

anterior commisure

Question 3

how much of the cortex is association cortex?

Answer 3

75%

Question 4

via the cortico-cortical pathway, where do the association pathways recieve inputs from?

Answer 4

motor and sensory corticies

Question 5

the association cortices send outputs to what areas?

Answer 5

cerebellum
basal ganglia
thalamus
hippocampus
other association cortices

Question 6

lesions in the right parietal association cortex cause deficits in what?

Answer 6

attention: left side is neglected

Question 7

which technique can be used to study parietal activity?

Answer 7

single elctrode

Question 8

how do parietal association cortex neurons respond when shown one stimuli of interest along with a boring stimulus?

Answer 8

large response produced

Question 9

invasive electrode recordings have shown that neurons in the parietal association cortex respond to…

Answer 9

either attention or maths, or both

Question 10

temporal association cortex is involved in

Answer 10

object recognition and memory

Question 11

lesions in the temporal association cortex cause deficits in…

Answer 11

recognition

Question 12

what have single-cell recordings shown regarding neurons in the temporal association cortex?

Answer 12

individual neurons respond at different intensities to specific facial orientations

Question 13

prosopagnosia is caused by a lesion to what brain area?

Answer 13

temporal association cortex

Question 14

how can optogenetics have an inhibitory effect in the temporal cortex?

Answer 14

through hyperpolarisation caused by hydrogen ion outflux via rhodopsin

Question 15

an inhibition of neurons in the temporal lobe has what result?

Answer 15

decrease in accuracy of detecting faces

Question 16

what hormone is thought to improve prosopagnosia in autism?

Answer 16

oxytocin

Question 17

lesion to prefrontal association cortex impair ability to perform…

Answer 17

tasks

Question 18

prefrontal cortex neurons are heavily involved in what congitive task?

Answer 18

planning

Question 19

PET scans have shown an increased activation in what area during planning?

Answer 19

dorsolateral frontal cortex

Question 20

where is brocas area?

Answer 20

frontal association cortex?

Question 21

where is wernickes area?

Answer 21

temporal association cortex

Question 22

which hemisphere is more active when speaking native language?

Answer 22

left

Question 23

there is a decrease in lateralisation of speech if a language is learnt past what age?

Answer 23

10

Question 24

what is cortical thinning?

Answer 24

more myelination

Question 25

what occurs to the left hemisphere during language aquisition?

Answer 25

cortical thinning

Question 26

how can language regions be identified?

Answer 26

increased myelination

Question 27

asymmetrical cortical thinning is associated with…

Answer 27

age