Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
What are the 3 types of subcortical white matter?
Projection, commissural, and association
Where do projection fibers usually run?
From subcortical areas to cerebral cortex (sensory relay)
From Cerebral cortex to brainstem of spinal cord (motor)
What do commissural fibers connect?
Homologous areas of hemispheres
What do association fibers connect?
Cortical regions within one hemisphere
What is the largest fiber bundle in the nervous system?
Corpus callosum
What are 3 examples of commissural fibers?
Corpus callosum, atnerior commissure, and posterior commissure
What does the corpus callosum do?
Connects functionally related areas from opposite hemispheres
What is the cellular mechanism leading to seizures?
Loss of surround inhibition
How many layers does the cerebral cortex have in the horizontal axis?
6 layers: 3 input and 3 output
What is the vertical axis of the cerebral cortex?
Cells with similar functions are often segregated into columns or vertically aligned groups
Input layers of the horizontal axis?
1, 2, and 4
Output layers of the horizontal axis?
3, 5, and 6
Which layers of the horizontal axis is most important to physical therapy?
4 and 5
The majority of space in each lobe is occupied by…
association areas
What is the localization view?
Individuals exhibited peculiar reproducible behavior with damage to specific areas of the brain
What areas are responsible for integrating input from specialized areas? (multimodal areas)
Association areas
What areas form the control centers for specific functional systems? (primary projection regions, unimodal areas)
Specialized areas
Describe right hemisphere dominance
Great with spacial awareness
Describe left hemisphere dominance
Great with language
What hemisphere is the most dominant?
The hemisphere with language
What is the leading cause of pathology of the cerebral cortex?
Stroke
What can stroke cause?
Agnosia, aphasia, apraxia
What is the inability to perform tasks on command?
Ideomotor apraxia
What is the inability to describe or perform a task?
ideational apraxia
What usually causes apraxia?
A lesion in the dominant hemisphere
What causes ideomotor apraxia?
Lesion to the supramarginal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere
What causes ideational apraxia?
Lesions to the parietal lobe in the dominant hemisphere
What causes unilateral neglect?
Lesion to the parietal lobe in the non-dominant hemisphere
What happens due to a lesion of the inferior frontal gyrus anterior to M1 in the dominant hemisphere?
Brocas aphasia
What happens due to a lesion of the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere?
Wernickes aphasia
