Cerebral Cortex

Question 1

What are the 3 types of subcortical white matter?

Answer 1

Projection, commissural, and association

Question 2

Where do projection fibers usually run?

Answer 2

From subcortical areas to cerebral cortex (sensory relay)

From Cerebral cortex to brainstem of spinal cord (motor)

Question 3

What do commissural fibers connect?

Answer 3

Homologous areas of hemispheres

Question 4

What do association fibers connect?

Answer 4

Cortical regions within one hemisphere

Question 5

What is the largest fiber bundle in the nervous system?

Answer 5

Corpus callosum

Question 6

What are 3 examples of commissural fibers?

Answer 6

Corpus callosum, atnerior commissure, and posterior commissure

Question 7

What does the corpus callosum do?

Answer 7

Connects functionally related areas from opposite hemispheres

Question 8

What is the cellular mechanism leading to seizures?

Answer 8

Loss of surround inhibition

Question 9

How many layers does the cerebral cortex have in the horizontal axis?

Answer 9

6 layers: 3 input and 3 output

Question 10

What is the vertical axis of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 10

Cells with similar functions are often segregated into columns or vertically aligned groups

Question 11

Input layers of the horizontal axis?

Answer 11

1, 2, and 4

Question 12

Output layers of the horizontal axis?

Answer 12

3, 5, and 6

Question 13

Which layers of the horizontal axis is most important to physical therapy?

Answer 13

4 and 5

Question 14

The majority of space in each lobe is occupied by…

Answer 14

association areas

Question 15

What is the localization view?

Answer 15

Individuals exhibited peculiar reproducible behavior with damage to specific areas of the brain

Question 16

What areas are responsible for integrating input from specialized areas? (multimodal areas)

Answer 16

Association areas

Question 17

What areas form the control centers for specific functional systems? (primary projection regions, unimodal areas)

Answer 17

Specialized areas

Question 18

Describe right hemisphere dominance

Answer 18

Great with spacial awareness

Question 19

Describe left hemisphere dominance

Answer 19

Great with language

Question 20

What hemisphere is the most dominant?

Answer 20

The hemisphere with language

Question 21

What is the leading cause of pathology of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 21

Stroke

Question 22

What can stroke cause?

Answer 22

Agnosia, aphasia, apraxia

Question 23

What is the inability to perform tasks on command?

Answer 23

Ideomotor apraxia

Question 24

What is the inability to describe or perform a task?

Answer 24

ideational apraxia

Question 25

What usually causes apraxia?

Answer 25

A lesion in the dominant hemisphere

Question 26

What causes ideomotor apraxia?

Answer 26

Lesion to the supramarginal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere

Question 27

What causes ideational apraxia?

Answer 27

Lesions to the parietal lobe in the dominant hemisphere

Question 28

What causes unilateral neglect?

Answer 28

Lesion to the parietal lobe in the non-dominant hemisphere

Question 29

What happens due to a lesion of the inferior frontal gyrus anterior to M1 in the dominant hemisphere?

Answer 29

Brocas aphasia

Question 30

What happens due to a lesion of the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere?

Answer 30

Wernickes aphasia