Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
Cortical cells
-contain glutamate
-are excitatory
-are projection neurons, and
their major axons enter the white matter
-The brain regions targeted by pyramidal cells are
based in part on their laminar position
Cortical: Cells in deep layers tend to project to ____
targets.
-subcortical
Layer 6 cells tend to project to the _____
:
-thalamus, mainly to specific relay nuclei.
Cortical: Cells in superficial layers tend to project to _____
-other cortical areas
Cortex: Both layers 2 and 3 have
_____projections (same hemisphere).
-associational
Which layer of cortical neurons are the main source of callosal axons that travel to the opposite hemisphere?
- Layer 3
Commissural projections are homotopic
if they innervate the same cytoarchitectonic division on the opposite side
Commissural projections are heterotopic
-if they innervate a different cortical division.
What correlates to the complexity of the computational processes carried out by pyramidal cells in particular regions and species?
-dendritic branching and spine density
stellate cell
- is the only known type of excitatory interneuron in the cortex
- It is a modified pyramidal cell that loses its extrinsic axon in the course of development
chandelier cell
- makes local connections
- synapses onto the axon initial segment of pyramidal cells
- most powerful of the interneurons
double bouquet cell
-gives rise to vertically directed axons that target the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells and non-pyramidal cells across multiple layers.
basket cells
-inhibitory interneurons whose axons spread horizontally and synapse onto the soma and proximal dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the same layer
where do most of the synapses on cortical pyramidal cells come from?
-neighboring stellate (+) cells and pyramidal neurons
where do most of the excitatory drive to basket cells arose from?
-intrinsically from pyramidal neurons
