Cerebral Cortex Flashcards
Pyramidal Cells:
a long ______ dendirte and a _____ dendrite
Axons _______ the cortex, most are ______ [excitatory/inhibitory],
use NT: ________
Dendritic spines are selectively ________ via ________
Pyramidal Cells:
a long APICAL dendirte and a BASAL dendrite
Axons LEAVE the cortex, most are EXCITATORY [excitatory/inhibitory],
use NT: GLUTAMATE
Dendritic spines are selectively modified via learning
Non-pyramidal cells:
Axons _____ the cortex, most are _______ [excitatory/inhibitory]
and use NT:_______
they are considered the _______ of the cerebral cortex
Non-pyramidal cells:
Axons DON’T LEAVE the cortex, most are INHIBITORY [excitatory/inhibitory]
and use NT: GABA
they are considered the “INTERNEURONS” of the cerebral cortex
Most of the fibers that leave are located in what layers of the neocortex?
what are the main efferent branches connecting to?
Located in layers 5 and 6
Most go to (V) BRAINSTEM, SPINAL CORD, CORTICOSTRIBATE
OR (VI) THALAMUS
/SUBCORTICAL STRUCTURES
What are the major connections of the brain?
Corpus collosum - projects from cortical area to mirror immage
Genu - connects frontal lobes
Ant. body - connects frontal lobes
Post. body - connects parietal lobes
Splenium - occipital and temporal lobes
Anterior commissure - interconects temporal lobe and compoents of olfactory system
What are fasciculi?
Name the 4 major fasciuli of the brain
Corticocortical connections in the SAME HEMISPHERE
None are discrete, point to point
fibers travel in BOTH DIRECTIONS, leave and enter
Cingulum, Sup occipitofrontal, Sup longitudinal fasciculus (arcuate), Inf ccipitofrontal fasciculus
What is the primary neocortical areas, and where are they located?
Primary motor —>
Primary sensory –>
Primary visual –>
Primary auditory –>
what is something special about these areas?
Primary neocortical areas are areas of the brain with DIRECT LINK TO THE WORLD; contains preceise but distored body map/s
Primary motor —> precentral gyrus #4
Primary sensory –> postcentral gyrus # 312
Primary visual –> calcarine #17
Primary auditory –> transverse temporal gyrus # 41
What are unimodal association areas?
An injury to this area can cause ______
What are the 4 major unimodal association areas?
areas beyond primary, no somatosensory information, “higher level” ; usually right next to the primary
Injuries –> AGNOSIA (inability to process sensory information; a person can see or describe but can’t name it or know what it is used for unless they use another sensory)
Premotor (6) –> larger groups of muscles in an activity
Supplementary motor (6) –> assumption of postures or using muscles on both sides of the body
Somatosensory (5,7)
Visual (18,19 + others?)
What are multimodial association areas?
Injuries to these areas can cause _____ or _____.
What are multimodial association areas? higher level intellecutual functions; associaiton areas send converging inputs - may respond to multiple stimuli or under particular circumstances.
Injuries –> APRAXIA (MOTOR) or NEGLECT (SENSORY)
Parieto-occipital-temporal region
Prefrontal area
Limbic area
Brocas VS Wernickes:
Under which aphasic syndrome will you still have fluency?
Which will have have good verbal comprehension?
Brocas is the:
Wernicke’s is the:
both classical language areas are connected via:
Under which aphasic syndrome will you still have fluency? Wernicke
Which will have have good verbal comprehension? Brocas
Brocas is the: Motor area of language
Wernicke’s is the: sensory area of language
both classical language areas are connected via: arcuate fasciculus
