Cerebral Cortex

Question 1

What embryonic structure is the cerebral cortex derived form?

Answer 1

telencephalon

Question 2

What are the 6 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 2

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occiptal, Limbic and Insula

Question 3

6 layers of the neocortex from most superficial to deep?

Answer 3

molecular, external granular, external pyramidal, internal granular, internal pyramidal, multiform layer

Question 4

What is the functional unit of the cortex?

Answer 4

Column that extends through 6 layers, columns form modules. Can be interconnected within the same hemisphere of between the two hemispheres

Question 5

Which Brodmann’s Areas are the somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus)?

Answer 5

3,1,2

Question 6

Which Brodmann’s Area is the primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)?

Answer 6

4

Question 7

Which Brodmann’s Area is the primary visual cortex (Cuneus and Lingual gyrus)?

Answer 7

17

Question 8

Which Brodmann’s areas are the auditory cortex (Transverse gyri of Heschl)?

Answer 8

41, 42

Question 9

Which Brodmann’s areas are the motor area of speech (Broca’s

Answer 9

44, 45

Question 10

Lesion of primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 10

contralateral loss of somatic sensation

Question 11

Which areas have greater representation somatopic representation in the somatosensory and motor cortices?

Answer 11

face and hand

Question 12

What part of the body is medial is the somatosensory cortex and motor, and most lateral?

Answer 12

lower limb most medial, pharynx and tongue most lateral

Question 13

Lesion of the primary motor cortex

Answer 13

contralateral spastic paralysis

Question 14

Lesion of the visual cortex

Answer 14

contralateral hemianopia

Question 15

If a lesion of the visual cortex is restricted to the upper banks of the calcarine fissure what would be the lesion? lower banks?

Answer 15

contralateral inferior quadrantanopia

contralateral superior quadrantanopia

Question 16

Describe visuotopic organization of the visual cortex

Answer 16

Central VF most posterior, peripheral visual field most anterior

Question 17

For the primary auditory cortex, which side is represented?

Answer 17

binaural representation, you need bilateral lesions for loss of hearing

Question 18

Which side is Broca’s area generally more dominant?

Answer 18

left side

Question 19

What is Broca’s aphasia?

Answer 19

Expressive aphasia- loss of the ability to produce fluent language (not dysarthia, not a motor problem)

Question 20

What happens of there is a lesion of the non-dominant (generally right) side of 44/45 Broca’s

Answer 20

difficulty in expressing emotional aspect of language

Question 21

What the 7 divisions of the frontal lobe?

Answer 21

primary motor, premotor, supp. motor, frontal eye field, Broca’s, prefrontal cortex (dorsolateral for working memory), limbic orbitofrontal cortex

Question 22

Lesion of the parietal association cortex on dominant side (left)?

Answer 22

astereognosis, aphasia, alexia and agraphia (reading and writing)
these involve areas 39/40 (supramarginal and angular gyri)

Question 23

Lesion of parietal association cortex on non-dominant (right) hemisphere?

Answer 23

spatial distortion and contralateral neglect

Question 24

Where is Wernicke’s area and what is it for?

Answer 24

post. part of the sup. temp. gyrus (22), for language comprehnsion

Question 25

Describe Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 25

dominant side: sensory or receptive aphasia–
person is unaware their words have no meaning but grammar is fluent

nondominant side: difficulty comprehending the emotional aspect of language

Question 26

General functions of the cortex

Answer 26

1. Special sensory perception
2. Somatic sensory representation
3. Planning/execution of voluntary movement
4. Emotion/behavior
5. Mental function
6. Memory

Question 27

What causes dysfunction of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 27

Vascular hemmorhage, thrombosis, or tumor usually of glial origin