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cerebral cortex Flashcards

1
Q

the cerebrum controls

A

logical thought and conscious awareness of the environment plus sensory and motor activity

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2
Q

predominant type of matter in cerebrum

A

grey matter

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3
Q

predominant type of matter in cerebrum

A

grey matter

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4
Q

predominant type of matter in cerebrum

A

grey matter

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5
Q

hemispheres present in cerebrum

A

2

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6
Q

each hemisphere divided into

A 
4 lobes. 
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
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7
Q

central sulcus

A

divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe.

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8
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

divides the brain into two cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

transverse fissure

A

divides cerebrum and cerebellum

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10
Q

sylvian/lateral fissure

A

divides temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

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11
Q

the structure that connects the left and right portions of the brain

A

corpus callosum

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12
Q

corpus callosum made up of

A

white matter

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13
Q

autism

A

a neurological disease resulting from lack of communication between the 2 sides of the brain

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14
Q

functions of the frontal lobe

A

memory
emotions
decision making
personality

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15
Q

central sulcus divides into

A

precentral gyrus-motor cortex

postcentral gyrus-somatosensory cortex

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16
Q

brocas area controls

A

facial neurons
speech
language expression

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17
Q

location of brocas area

A

left frontal lobe

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18
Q

brocas aphasia

A

ability to comprehend speech but inability to speak or form words

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19
Q

site of frontal lobotomies

A

orbitofrontal cortex.

usually done to reduce aggression, rage . however it leads to epilepsy, poor emotional responses,

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20
Q

olfactory bulb located in

A

frontal lobe

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21
Q

functional regions of cortex

A

sensory
motor
higher functions

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22
Q

motor area divided into

A

primary motor cortex-where information is sent

motor association area- where information is interpreted i.e to reach out for an item or not

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23
Q

association areas

A

part of brain behind precentral and postcentral gyrus. interpretes information and is information is usually carried without active trying if action is repeated

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24
Q

cortex contains

A

upper motor neurones which extend to spinal cord and synapse on lower motor neurones to innervate muscles and glands

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25
precentral gyrus contains mainly
the homonculus where neurones that innervate a certain region of the body have their cell bodies in one region. Thus a body map of different body parts
26
areas with greater representation in homonculus of precentral gyrus
face hands lips tongue
27
lesser representation in homonculus of precentral gyrus
back forearm legs
28
larger areas in sensory homonculus
hands sexual organs lips foot
29
primary somatosensory recieves signals for
touch and pressure
30
somatosensory areas include
somatosensory cortex | somatosensory association area-when i touch keys without seeing i can tell they are keys cos of how they feel
31
somatosensory areas include
somatosensory cortex | somatosensory association area
32
visual areas include
primary visual cortex | visual somatosensory area-i.e when i see keys ,i can tell they are keys
33
visual areas include
primary visual cortex | visual somatosensory area-i.e when i see keys ,i can tell they are keys
34
Brodmann areas 18+19
part of visual association area. when damaged, one cannot tell what an object is when one sees it.
35
hearing areas comprises
primary auditory cortex | auditory association area- hears sound, and can tell what it is
36
auditory area is important in forming
language
37
regions in auditory area
1. brocas area- controls speech, language recognition. damage will lead to loss of speech 2. wernickes area- allows understanding of words. damage will not affect their speech,but understanding of what others are saying
38
gustatory area is made up of
gustatory cortex and association area
39
gustatory area located in
insula. | insulated portion of temporal lobe
40
neurones in gustatory area respond to
taste. salty, bitter, sour? | intensity of taste
41
left side of brain responsible for
thinking
42
right side of brain responsible for
emotion
43
memory of events controlled by
hippopocampus
44
amygdala
takes new memories,stores them for long term
45
mammiliary bodies are
are round bodies at anterior end of fornix. form part of diencephalon and limbic system
46
function of mammiliary bodies
relay information from hippopocampus recognition memory, can add smell to memory
47
mammillary body damage
caused by vitamin b1 or thiamine deficiency or alcohol leading to wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
48
fornix function
carries information from mammiliary bodies to the hippopocampus
49
anteretrograde amnesia
remember things before accident. after memories are kept for a short time
50
retrograde amnesia
events after accident can be recalled but not those before
51
dementia
loss of memory irreversible,icurable caused by damage to limbic system
52
characteristics of dementia
loss of memory, personality, speech, anteretrogade amnesia
53
limbic system
includes olfactory nerve. links memory emotion and smell
54
limbic cortex made up of
``` hippopocampus amygdala parahippopocampus uncus cingulate gyrus ```
55
functions of limbic system
recent memory recent memory to long term memory influences mans conduct,mood,behaviour
56
internal capsule fxn
doorway where descending and ascending fibres pass
57
What is the internal capsule
projection fibres of white matter between caudate nucleus and thallamus medially and lentiform nucleus laterally
58
Parts of internal capsule
``` Anterior limb genu posterior limb retrolentiform sublentiform ```
59
Anterior limb of internal capsule
Caudate and lentiform nucleus
60
Posterior limb
Thallamus and lentiform nucleus
61
Nerves that run through anterior limb
Anterior thallamic radiation | Frontopontine
62
Fibres that run through genu
Part of superior thallamic radiation Frontopontine Corticonuclear
63
Posterior limb is made up of
``` Superior thallamic radiation Frontopontine corticonuclear corticospinal Extrapyramidal ```
64
Fibres that run through retrolentiform
Temperopontine Parietopontine Optic radiation
65
Fibres that run through sublentiform
Inferior thallamic radiation | Auditory radiation
66
Anterior limb destination
Cingulate gyrus | Prefrontal cortex
67
Genu destination
Premotor cortex | primary motor cortex
68
Posterior limb destination
Motor --spinal cord brainstem Sensory-- primarysomatosensory cortex
69
Retrolenticular destination
Association cortex | visual cortex
70
Sublenticular destination
Visual | Auditory cortex
71
Middle cerebral artery suppys this part of internal capsule
Ant limb genu post limb basal ganglia
72
Anterior cerebral artery supplies
Anterior limb genu basal ganglia
73
Ant choroidal artery supplies
post limb | retrolenticular
74
Internal capsule stroke symptoms
weakness of face arm leg Pure motor stroke UMN lesions Mixed sensorimotor stroke
75
Most common lacunae syndrome
Pure motor stroke
76
Basal ganglia consists of
subcortical nuclei ``` Caudate nucleus lentiform nucleus claustrum substantia nigra subthallamic nucleus ```
77
Basal ganglia fxn
Influence regulatory feedback in sc, brainstem, cerebellum, cerebral cortex
78
Input nuclei of basal ganglia
caudate nucleus | putamen
79
Intrinsic nuclei of basal ganglia
External globus pallidus subthallamic nucleus pars compacta of substantia nigra
80
Output nuclei of basal ganglia
Internal globus pallidus | pars reticularis of substantia nigra

My Own Neuro (8 decks)

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