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My Own Neuro > cerebral cortex > Flashcards

cerebral cortex Flashcards

1
Q

the cerebrum controls

A

logical thought and conscious awareness of the environment plus sensory and motor activity

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2
Q

predominant type of matter in cerebrum

A

grey matter

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3
Q

predominant type of matter in cerebrum

A

grey matter

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4
Q

predominant type of matter in cerebrum

A

grey matter

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5
Q

hemispheres present in cerebrum

A

2

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6
Q

each hemisphere divided into

A 
4 lobes. 
frontal lobe
occipital lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
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7
Q

central sulcus

A

divides frontal lobe from parietal lobe.

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8
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

divides the brain into two cerebral hemispheres

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9
Q

transverse fissure

A

divides cerebrum and cerebellum

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10
Q

sylvian/lateral fissure

A

divides temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

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11
Q

the structure that connects the left and right portions of the brain

A

corpus callosum

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12
Q

corpus callosum made up of

A

white matter

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13
Q

autism

A

a neurological disease resulting from lack of communication between the 2 sides of the brain

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14
Q

functions of the frontal lobe

A

memory
emotions
decision making
personality

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15
Q

central sulcus divides into

A

precentral gyrus-motor cortex

postcentral gyrus-somatosensory cortex

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16
Q

brocas area controls

A

facial neurons
speech
language expression

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17
Q

location of brocas area

A

left frontal lobe

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18
Q

brocas aphasia

A

ability to comprehend speech but inability to speak or form words

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19
Q

site of frontal lobotomies

A

orbitofrontal cortex.

usually done to reduce aggression, rage . however it leads to epilepsy, poor emotional responses,

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20
Q

olfactory bulb located in

A

frontal lobe

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21
Q

functional regions of cortex

A

sensory
motor
higher functions

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22
Q

motor area divided into

A

primary motor cortex-where information is sent

motor association area- where information is interpreted i.e to reach out for an item or not

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23
Q

association areas

A

part of brain behind precentral and postcentral gyrus. interpretes information and is information is usually carried without active trying if action is repeated

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24
Q

cortex contains

A

upper motor neurones which extend to spinal cord and synapse on lower motor neurones to innervate muscles and glands

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25
Q

precentral gyrus contains mainly

A

the homonculus where neurones that innervate a certain region of the body have their cell bodies in one region. Thus a body map of different body parts

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26
Q

areas with greater representation in homonculus of precentral gyrus

A

face
hands
lips
tongue

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27
Q

lesser representation in homonculus of precentral gyrus

A

back
forearm
legs

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28
Q

larger areas in sensory homonculus

A

hands
sexual organs
lips
foot

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29
Q

primary somatosensory recieves signals for

A

touch and pressure

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30
Q

somatosensory areas include

A

somatosensory cortex

somatosensory association area-when i touch keys without seeing i can tell they are keys cos of how they feel

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31
Q

somatosensory areas include

A

somatosensory cortex

somatosensory association area

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32
Q

visual areas include

A

primary visual cortex

visual somatosensory area-i.e when i see keys ,i can tell they are keys

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33
Q

visual areas include

A

primary visual cortex

visual somatosensory area-i.e when i see keys ,i can tell they are keys

34
Q

Brodmann areas 18+19

A

part of visual association area. when damaged, one cannot tell what an object is when one sees it.

35
Q

hearing areas comprises

A

primary auditory cortex

auditory association area- hears sound, and can tell what it is

36
Q

auditory area is important in forming

A

language

37
Q

regions in auditory area

A
  1. brocas area- controls speech, language recognition. damage will lead to loss of speech
  2. wernickes area- allows understanding of words. damage will not affect their speech,but understanding of what others are saying
38
Q

gustatory area is made up of

A

gustatory cortex and association area

39
Q

gustatory area located in

A

insula.

insulated portion of temporal lobe

40
Q

neurones in gustatory area respond to

A

taste. salty, bitter, sour?

intensity of taste

41
Q

left side of brain responsible for

A

thinking

42
Q

right side of brain responsible for

A

emotion

43
Q

memory of events controlled by

A

hippopocampus

44
Q

amygdala

A

takes new memories,stores them for long term

45
Q

mammiliary bodies are

A

are round bodies at anterior end of fornix.

form part of diencephalon and limbic system

46
Q

function of mammiliary bodies

A

relay information from hippopocampus

recognition memory, can add smell to memory

47
Q

mammillary body damage

A

caused by vitamin b1 or thiamine deficiency or alcohol leading to wernicke-korsakoff syndrome

48
Q

fornix function

A

carries information from mammiliary bodies to the hippopocampus

49
Q

anteretrograde amnesia

A

remember things before accident. after memories are kept for a short time

50
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

events after accident can be recalled but not those before

51
Q

dementia

A

loss of memory
irreversible,icurable

caused by damage to limbic system

52
Q

characteristics of dementia

A

loss of memory, personality, speech, anteretrogade amnesia

53
Q

limbic system

A

includes olfactory nerve.

links memory emotion and smell

54
Q

limbic cortex made up of

A 
hippopocampus
amygdala
parahippopocampus
uncus
cingulate gyrus
55
Q

functions of limbic system

A

recent memory
recent memory to long term memory
influences mans conduct,mood,behaviour

56
Q

internal capsule fxn

A

doorway where descending and ascending fibres pass

57
Q

What is the internal capsule

A

projection fibres of white matter between caudate nucleus and thallamus medially and lentiform nucleus laterally

58
Q

Parts of internal capsule

A 
Anterior limb
genu
posterior limb
retrolentiform
sublentiform
59
Q

Anterior limb of internal capsule

A

Caudate and lentiform nucleus

60
Q

Posterior limb

A

Thallamus and lentiform nucleus

61
Q

Nerves that run through anterior limb

A

Anterior thallamic radiation

Frontopontine

62
Q

Fibres that run through genu

A

Part of superior thallamic radiation
Frontopontine
Corticonuclear

63
Q

Posterior limb is made up of

A 
Superior thallamic radiation
Frontopontine
corticonuclear
corticospinal
Extrapyramidal
64
Q

Fibres that run through retrolentiform

A

Temperopontine
Parietopontine
Optic radiation

65
Q

Fibres that run through sublentiform

A

Inferior thallamic radiation

Auditory radiation

66
Q

Anterior limb destination

A

Cingulate gyrus

Prefrontal cortex

67
Q

Genu destination

A

Premotor cortex

primary motor cortex

68
Q

Posterior limb destination

A

Motor –spinal cord
brainstem

Sensory– primarysomatosensory cortex

69
Q

Retrolenticular destination

A

Association cortex

visual cortex

70
Q

Sublenticular destination

A

Visual

Auditory cortex

71
Q

Middle cerebral artery suppys this part of internal capsule

A

Ant limb
genu
post limb
basal ganglia

72
Q

Anterior cerebral artery supplies

A

Anterior limb
genu
basal ganglia

73
Q

Ant choroidal artery supplies

A

post limb

retrolenticular

74
Q

Internal capsule stroke symptoms

A

weakness of face arm leg
Pure motor stroke
UMN lesions
Mixed sensorimotor stroke

75
Q

Most common lacunae syndrome

A

Pure motor stroke

76
Q

Basal ganglia consists of

A

subcortical nuclei

Caudate nucleus
lentiform nucleus
claustrum
substantia nigra
subthallamic nucleus
77
Q

Basal ganglia fxn

A

Influence regulatory feedback in sc, brainstem, cerebellum, cerebral cortex

78
Q

Input nuclei of basal ganglia

A

caudate nucleus

putamen

79
Q

Intrinsic nuclei of basal ganglia

A

External globus pallidus
subthallamic nucleus
pars compacta of substantia nigra

80
Q

Output nuclei of basal ganglia

A

Internal globus pallidus

pars reticularis of substantia nigra

My Own Neuro (8 decks)

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