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My Own Neuro > ascending and descending pathways > Flashcards

ascending and descending pathways Flashcards

1
Q

tracts in the conscious pathway get to the

A

cerebral cortex

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2
Q

tracts in unconscious pathway

A

do not get to the cerebral cortex

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3
Q

an ascending neurone carrying conscious information will pass through

A

thallamus

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4
Q

general types of nerve fibres in white matter

A
  1. long ascending fibres to thallamus,cerebellum,brainstem nuclei
  2. Descending fibres from cerebral cortex,brainstem nuclei to spinal gray matter

3, propiospinal fibres connecting various spinal cord levels

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5
Q

ascending pathways function

A

conducts information from soma and viscera to higher centers

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6
Q

an unconscious pathway usually ends up in

A

cerebellum

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7
Q

conscious pathway must fulfill 3 processes including

A

pass through thallamus
dessucate
Go to somatosensory cortex

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8
Q

1st order neurones arise from

A

posterior root ganglion

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9
Q

Ascending tracts

A

found in all funiculi and include

lateral spinothalamic
ventral spinothalamis
dorsal spinocerebellar
ventral spinocerebellar
spino olivary
posterior colum/fasciculus
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10
Q

posterior or dorsal column function

A

conscious propioception which include

2 point discriminatory touch
vibration
fine touch
joints and muscle sensation

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11
Q

input into posterior column

A 
pacini corpuscles
meissners corpuscles
joint receptors
muscle spindles
golgi tendon organ
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12
Q

first order neurones enter posterior white matter on what side

A

on same side

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13
Q

first order neurones divide into

A

2 fibres

long ascending
short descending branches

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14
Q

descending branches of first order neurones terminate on

A

posterior grey horn cells

internuncial neurones

anterior grey horn cells

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15
Q

ascending fibres of first order neurones synapse on

A

anterior grey horn
posterior grey horn
internuncial neurones

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16
Q

Most ascending first order neurones travel in white column as

A

fasciculus gracialis

fasciculus cuneatus

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17
Q

Faciculus gracialis location in spinal cord

A

located at all levels

has long ascending fibres from lower regions ie sacral,lumbar, and lower thoracic

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18
Q

Fasciculus cuneatus location in spinal cord

A

Not present at all levels. it exists and recieves ascending fibres from upper thoracic(T1-T6) and cervical regions

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19
Q

2nd order neurones of posterior column found in

A

gracile and cuneate nuclei in medulla

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20
Q

how is medial lemniscus formed

A

gracile and cuneate nucleus->Internal arcuate fibres->dessucation of IAF->medial lemniscus->ascends through contralateral brainstem->terminates in ventral posterolateral nucleus of thallamus

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21
Q

3rd order neurones of posterior column located in

A

ventral posterolateral nucleus in thallamus

project via posterior corona radiata and internal capsule to somatosensory cortex

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22
Q

posterior spinocerebellar tract function

A

unconscious propioception of muscle,joint sense,pressure.

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23
Q

2nd order neurones of posterior spinocerebellar tract found in

A

nucleus dorsalis of clarke in T1-L3

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24
Q

posterior spinocerebellar tract begins from

A

upper lumbar

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25
Q

posterior spinocerebellar is

A

uncrossed, ascends on ipsilateral side

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26
Q

posterior spinocerebellar tract exits through

A

inferior cerebellar peduncle to cerebellum

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27
Q

the ventral spinocerebellar tract function

A

unconscious propioception to cerebellum from trunk ,upper and lower limb

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28
Q

the ventral spinocerebellar tract has first order neurones entering from

A

the dorsal root ganglia

29
Q

first order neurones of ventral spinocerebellar tract terminate

A

on nucleus dorsalis

30
Q

2nd order neurones of ventral spinocerebellar tract

A

cross over twice nd terminate ipsilateral to its origin

31
Q

2nd order neurons of ventral spinocerebellar tract terminate at

A

cerebellum through superior cerebellar peduncle

32
Q

posterior section of ascending tracts include

A

posterior column
ventral spinocerebellar
dorsal spinocerebellar

33
Q

lateral section or funiculus of ascending tracts include

A

lateral spinothalamic
dorsal spinocerebellar
ventral spinocerebellar
spinoolivary tract

34
Q

lateral spinothalamic tract mediates

A

pain and temperature

35
Q

first order neurones of lateral spinothalamic tract arise from

A

dorsal root ganglion

36
Q

how is lateral spinothalamic tract formed

A

from dorsal root ganglion->passes through lissauers fasciculus->climbs 2 vetebrae higher->deccusates->synapses on lateral spinothalamic tract->ascends through brainstem to contralateral thallamus

37
Q

pain and temperature felt on what side of body

A

contralateral side.

somatotopic organization present

38
Q

function of anterior spinothallamic tract

A

crude touch and pressure

39
Q

first order neurones of anterior spinothalamic tract present in

A

posterior root ganglion

39
Q

first order neurones of anterior spinothalamic tract present in

A

posterior root ganglion

40
Q

second order neurones of anterior spinothalamic tract in

A

posterior grey horn i.e nucleus propius

prescence of somatotopic organization

41
Q

cuneocerebellar tract

A

upper extremity equivalent of spinocerebellar tract

42
Q

first order neurons of cuneocerebellar tract are in

A

posterior root ganglion of c2-T7

43
Q

how is cuneocerebellar tract formed

A

dorsal root ganglion->fasciculus cuneatus->assecory cuneate nucleus(a homologue of nucleus dorsalis of clarke) ->2 order neurones project to cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle

44
Q

spino olivary tract pathway

A

originates in spinal grey matter->crosses over->terminates in olivary nucleus in medulla->cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle

45
Q

neurones in anterior grey horn of spinal cord innervate

A

skeletal muscles

46
Q

neurones in anterior grey horn of spinal cord are

A

lower motor neurones controlled by nerves descending from brainstem and cortex

47
Q

major descending pathways include

A 
lateral corticospinal tract
ventral corticospinal
rubrospinal
tectospinal
vestibulospinal
reticulospinal
autonomic
48
Q

descending pathways general organization

A

first order neurones in cortex,brainstem->synapse on second order neurones in anterior grey column->synapse on 3rd order neurones in lower motor neurones

49
Q

function of corticospinal tracts

A

voluntary,discrete,skilled movement

50
Q

reticulospinal tract

A

facilitate or prevent reflex activity

51
Q

tectospinal tract function

A

reflex postural movement in response to visual stimuli

52
Q

rubrospinal tract function

A

facilitates flexor muscle action

prevents extensor muscle action

53
Q

vestibulospinal tract function

A

facilitates extensor action and prevents flexor action

54
Q

autonomic

A

controls visceral activity

55
Q

corticospinal tract composition

A

axons of pyramidal cells in 5th layer of cerebral cortex

2/3 from precentral gyrus
1/3 from post central gyrus

mostly originate from betz cells in primary motor cortex

56
Q

in internal capsule corticospinal tracts have

A

somatic organization, where
cervical fibres are close to genu
posterior fibres are associated with lower limb

57
Q

descending of corticospinal tract pathway

A

descend in middle 3/5 of crus cerebri through to pons and medulla

58
Q

in medulla corticospinal tract

A

decussate in spinomedullary junction and continue caudally as lateral corticospinal tract-3/4

1/4 that dont decussate continue as ventral corticospinal tract

59
Q

lateral corticospinal tracts synapse on

A

intermediate grey horns

60
Q

pathway of ventral corticospinal tracts

A

passes through anterior white matter->terminates in ventral horn of cervical and thoracic segments

61
Q

rubrospinal tract arises from

A

red nucleus.

crosses in ventral section of midbrain tegmentum

62
Q

tectospinal tracts arise from

A

superior colliculus

63
Q

pathway for tectospinal tract

A

decussates in dorsal tegmentum of midbrain and descends contralaterally and terminates upper cervical cord sements associated with head and neck movements

64
Q

vestibulospinal tract origin

A

arise in vestibular nuclei at floor of 4th ventricle

uncrossed

all spinal cord segments

65
Q

upper motor neurones acute lesion causes

A

spinal shock compromising

flaccid paralysis
areflexia
hypotonia

66
Q

upper motor neurone lesion-chronic

A

spastic paralysis(muscle stiffness)
hypertonia
loss of superficial abdominal or cremasteric reflexes
babinski sign
clonus-involuntary,repetitive muscle contraction

67
Q

lower motor neurones found in

A

ventral horns of spinal cord and cn 3,4.7.9.12

68
Q

LMN lesion results in

A

flaccid paralysis
areflexia
muscle atrophy
fasciculation and fibrillations

My Own Neuro (8 decks)

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