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My Own Neuro > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

Brain weight cerebellum carries

A

10%

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2
Q

Develops from?

A

Metencephalon

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3
Q

Location

A

Posterior cranial fossa

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4
Q

Seperated from cerebral lobes by

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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5
Q

Median portion Seperated from pons and medulla by

A

Fourth ventricle

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6
Q

How many cerebellar hemispheres?

A

2

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7
Q

Cerebellar hemispheres united by

A

Vermis

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8
Q

Connected to midbrain via

A

Superior cerebellar peduncle

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9
Q

Connected to pons via

A

Middle cerebellar peduncles

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10
Q

Connected to medulla via

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncles

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11
Q

Fine slit indentions on surface of cerebellum

A

Sulci

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12
Q

In between sulci

A

Folia

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13
Q

Type of brain matter present

A

Grey - located on surface,forms cerebellar cortex

white— located under cerebral cortex

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14
Q

In white matter of cerebellum

A

4 cerebellar nuclei

Dentate
Emboliform
Globose
Fastigial

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15
Q

Inputs into cerebellar cortex

A

Mossy fibres

Climbing fibers from imferior olive

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16
Q

Outputs of cerebellar cortex

A

Purkinje neurones

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17
Q

Interneurones of cerebellar cortex

A

Granule neurones

Stellate

Basket

Golgi

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18
Q

fissures present in cerebellum

A

3
primary fissure
horizontal fissure
posterior fissure

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19
Q

What does horizontal fissure do

A

a posterolateral groove that divides cerebellum into superior and posterior halves

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20
Q

what does primary fissure do

A

a groove that divides superior half of cerebellum into a small anterior lobe and a large posterior lobe

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21
Q

inferior vermis made up of

A

nodule
pyramid
tuber vermis
uvala

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22
Q

Nodule at the roof of 4th ventricle

A

flocculus.

it projects white matter laterally
with a bulbous extremity capped with grey matter

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23
Q

2 flocculi and nodules form

A

floculonodular lobe

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24
Q

how many divisions is cerebellum divided functionally

A

3.

a. Vestibulocerebellum
b. spinocerebellum
c. cerebrocerebellum

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25
Q

vestibulocerebellum made up of?

A

the floculonodular lobe

26
Q

spinocerebellum made up of

A

vermis and intermediate zone

27
Q

the cerebrocerebellum made of

A

the lateral zones of cerebellar hemisphere

28
Q

function of vestibulocerebellum

A

balance and eye movements ie fixation on a target

29
Q

function of spinocerebellum

A

Motor execution via descending medial and lateral systems

propioception

30
Q

function of cerebrocerebellum

A

motor planning- plans movement and motor learning

coordination of muscle movement

aids visually guided movement

31
Q

largest division

A

cerebrocerebellum

32
Q

inputs into cerebrocerebral cortex

A

pontine nuclei

cerebral cortex

33
Q

output from cerebrocerebellum to

A

thallamus

red nucleus

34
Q

input into vestibulocerebellum

A

vestibular system

35
Q

output of vestibulocerebellum

A

vestibular nuclei

36
Q

Role of vestibulocerebellum in maintaining equilibrium when balance is disturbed

A

when balance is disturbed->vestibular receptors send signals to the vestibulocerebellum->initiation of corrective signals sent to->vestibular nuclei and reticular formation-> toning and contraction of limb and axial muscles to maintain equilibrium during exposure to acceleration- The superior colliculus and medial geniculate body are also stimulated->
co cordinate eye movements with head movements during exposure to acceleration to maintain clear vision which is important for this.

37
Q

pricipal region concerned with postural adjustment

A

vermis

38
Q

vermis recieves input from

A

muscles and joint propioceptors especially axial concerning position of the body

39
Q

vermis sends output to

A

vestibulospinal

reticulospinal tracts

40
Q

mechanism of co ordination of movement

A

cerebral cortex->motor signals to muscles to move->efferent copy of signals sent to spinocerebellum via the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway and ventral spinocerebellar pathway.

as movement is ongoing, propioceptive fibres are sent to spinocerebellum via dorsal spinocerebellum

40
Q

mechanism of co ordination of movement

A

cerebral cortex->motor signals to muscles to move->efferent copy of signals sent to spinocerebellum via the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway and ventral spinocerebellar pathway.

as movement is ongoing, propioceptive fibres are sent to spinocerebellum via dorsal spinocerebellum

41
Q

role of intermediate zone of spinocerebellum

A

compares motor action of the muscles with the motor intention of the higher centres.

in case they do no match, the intermediate zone + interposed nucleus send corrective signals back to areas cortex and red nucleus that innervate the distal limb muscles.

42
Q

predicting how to stop movement by cerebellum

A

i.e in running in a race,

the cerebellum recieves information about the velocity and direction of the movement-> giving it the ability to determine how far the body will move in a given time-> this helps it know the precise time to stop the movement-> it sends this decision to the motor cortex to stop ongoing movement exactly at intended position.

43
Q

how does sequence and planning of movement occur

A

cortex+basal ganglia->signals to cerebrocerebellum-> planning of sequence of contraction and coordination of muscles involved to achieve intended goal of movement

This information or plan is sent to the motor cortex->to form adjusted motor command->discharge to lower motor centers

44
Q

cerebellum role in motor learning

A

when one does a new complex activity->cerebellum makes mistakes in coordinating successive muscle movement, when it begins and ends->neuronal circuits learn to make more accurate movement after practicing-> becomes more precise.->storage of the learned processes.

45
Q

ballistic movements

A

walking running typing writing talking

46
Q

why are ballistic movements not controlled.

A

because these movements are so rapid that you cannot depend on sensory feedback information from periphery to control them because movement will be over before information reaches cerebellum and cortex

47
Q

blood supply to cerebellum

A

3 paired arteries

superior cerebellar artery
anterior inferior cerebellar artery
posterior inferior cerebellar artery

48
Q

damage to flocculonodular region

A

unsteady gait

swaying

49
Q

damage to vermis

A

faluire to maintain upright standing position due to inability to adjust tone of antigravity muscles

50
Q

damage to cerebrocerebellum and spinocerebellum

A

problems in planning and effecting motor action manifested as

hypotonia- loss of muscle tone and reflex i.e pendular knee jerk
asthenia- loss of muscle strength
ataxia- loss of muscle coordination

51
Q

manifestations of ataxia

A 
dysmetria
intention tremors
decomposition of complex movements
rebound phenomenon
dysdiadokinesia
nystagmus
dysarthria
unsteady gait
52
Q

dysmetria

A

error in comparator and damping motion.
i.e
there is error in direction and timing of movement.
asking someone with cerebellar lesion to use their finger to touch your hand, they will they might go in a different direction way past your hand (hypermetria) or it might not get there(hypometria)

53
Q

what are intention tremors

A

tremors when one is actively trying to do something

54
Q

rebound phenomenon

A

patient cannot stop ongoing rapid movement due to inability to provide damping and predictive responses

55
Q

dysdiadokinesia

A

inability to perform repeated alternating actions. i.e cannot flex and pronate forearm rapidly due to inability to time properly the onset and termination of action

56
Q

nystagmus

A

tremor of eyeball

57
Q

decomposition of complex movement

A

motor action carried out in lots of steps rather than one like it usually done. i.e robotic movement

58
Q

dysarrthria

A

slow speech, words fragmented into syllables. due to loss of precise timing of contraction of muscles of speech

59
Q

unsteady gait

A

due to dysmetria and kinetic tremors of lower limb muscles

My Own Neuro (8 decks)

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