Cerebellum Flashcards
3 functions of the cerebellum
- regulates equilibrium
- controls muscle tone and posture
- provides motor coordination for voluntary movements
motor sequence learning is the function of the ____
basal ganglia
purpose of the folia is the increase _____
cortical surface area
____ divide the cerebellum into lobes and lobules
fissures
divides the body of the cerebellum into anterior and posterior lobes
primary fissure
separates the flocculonodular lobe from the body of the cerebellum
posterolateral fissure
cerebellar deep nuclei
dentate
interposed nucleus
fastigal
the dentate nucleus contributes most fibers to the ____
superior cerebellar peduncle
the interposed nucleus is composed of the ____ and ____
emboliform and globose
____ interconnect the cerebellum and brainstem
(3) cerebellar peduncles
the ICP is made up of the ___ and ____ bodies
restiform; juxtarestiform
the restiform body receives inputs from the ____ and ____; monitors muscle and limb movement
spinal cord; brainstem
the juxtarestiform body interconnects ____ and ____
vestibular nuclei; cerebellum
middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis) is the largest peduncle, lateral to the pons; receives afferents from ____ and relays ____ signals from cerebral cortex
contralateral basis pontis; motor
superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) has mostly efferent fibers to ____ and ____
red nucleus; thalamus (VL)
information from the spinal cord and brainstem travel into the cerebellum via the _____ and are called _____
inferior and middle cerebellar peduncles; mossy fibers
mossy fibers synapse in the ____ and then the ____ before going to deep cerebellar nuclei
granule layer; Purkinje cell layer
climbing fibers originate from the _____ and get into the cerebellum via the ____
inferior olivary nucleus (olive) in the rostral medulla; inferior cerebellar peduncle
in the olivocerebellar tract, sensorimotor cortex projects via _____ collaterals onto ____ olivary nuclei ; olivocerebellar fibers project to ____ cerebellar cortex through _____
corticospinal; ipsilateral
contralateral; inferior cerebellar peduncle
climbing fibers regulate _____
Purkinje cell firing
inferior olivary nuclei are involved in ____ and in the acquisition of _____
motor learning; new motor skills
the red nucleus is located in the _____
rostral midbrain
input to the red nucleus
collaterals from:
- cerebral cortical fibers descending to olive
- cerebellar output fibers ascending to thalamus
red nucleus output
largest is inhibitory to ipsilateral olivary nucleus
projections to the vermis of the cerebellum are to the ___ nucleus; medial hemisphere assoc with the ___ nucleus and the lateral hemisphere assoc with the ____ nucleus
fastigal; interposed; dentate
3 layers of the cerebellar cortex
molecular layer
purkinje cell layer
granule layer
molecular layer contains:
purkinje cell dendrites and granule cell axons
____ layer has the only axons to leave the cerebellar cortex
purkinje cell
cortical afferents are ____
excitatory (glutaminergic)
cortical efferents are ____
inhibitory (GABAnergic)
input to vestibulocerebellum from:
vestibular labyrinth and vestibular nuclei
cerebellar location of vestibulocerebellum
flocculonodular lobe and part of the vermis
vestibulocerebellum output to:
fastigial nucleus (which goes to vestibular nuclei) and vestibular nuclei
function of vestibulocerebellum
- control of eye movements in response to head movements
- balance
input to spinocerebellum from:
- spinal cord (spinocerebellar tracts)
- brainstem (trigeminal afferents)
cerebellar location of spinocerebellum
- paravermal area
- part of vermis
output from spinocerebellum
- interposed nucleus > magnocellular portion of red nucleus (rubrospinal and reticulospinal pathways)
- VA/VL of thalamus > limb area of primary motor cortex
function of spinocerebellum
- posture and gait
- coordination of trunk and limb movements
input to neocerebellum or pontocerebellum
motor cortex > basilar pons > middle cerebellar peduncle
cerebellar location of pontocerebellum
lateral cerebellar hemisphere
output of pontocerebellum
- dentate nucleus > parvocellular portion of red nucleus > inferior olivary nucleus
- VA/VL of thalamus > all motor cortex and parietal lobe
function of pontocerebellum
- planning the timing of movements especially those of the upper extremity
- coordination of speech
from interposed nucleus, axons leave through ____ and mostly terminate in ____ or ____
SCP; contralateral reticular formation; contralateral red nucleus
functional zone of cerebellum involved in planning learned, skillful movements, those that become more precise and rapid with practice
lateral hemisphere
injury to lateral hemisphere involves ___ and ____
arm; speech
medial hemisphere involved in adjusting ____
limb movements
vermis is involved in ____ adjustments
postural
___ and ____ important in eye movements
flocculus; vermis
vestibulocerebellum
