Cerebellum

Question 1

3 functions of the cerebellum

Answer 1

1. regulates equilibrium
2. controls muscle tone and posture
3. provides motor coordination for voluntary movements

Question 2

motor sequence learning is the function of the ____

Answer 2

basal ganglia

Question 3

purpose of the folia is the increase _____

Answer 3

cortical surface area

Question 4

____ divide the cerebellum into lobes and lobules

Answer 4

fissures

Question 5

divides the body of the cerebellum into anterior and posterior lobes

Answer 5

primary fissure

Question 6

separates the flocculonodular lobe from the body of the cerebellum

Answer 6

posterolateral fissure

Question 7

cerebellar deep nuclei

Answer 7

dentate
interposed nucleus
fastigal

Question 8

the dentate nucleus contributes most fibers to the ____

Answer 8

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 9

the interposed nucleus is composed of the ____ and ____

Answer 9

emboliform and globose

Question 10

____ interconnect the cerebellum and brainstem

Answer 10

(3) cerebellar peduncles

Question 11

the ICP is made up of the ___ and ____ bodies

Answer 11

restiform; juxtarestiform

Question 12

the restiform body receives inputs from the ____ and ____; monitors muscle and limb movement

Answer 12

spinal cord; brainstem

Question 13

the juxtarestiform body interconnects ____ and ____

Answer 13

vestibular nuclei; cerebellum

Question 14

middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis) is the largest peduncle, lateral to the pons; receives afferents from ____ and relays ____ signals from cerebral cortex

Answer 14

contralateral basis pontis; motor

Question 15

superior cerebellar peduncle (brachium conjunctivum) has mostly efferent fibers to ____ and ____

Answer 15

red nucleus; thalamus (VL)

Question 16

information from the spinal cord and brainstem travel into the cerebellum via the _____ and are called _____

Answer 16

inferior and middle cerebellar peduncles; mossy fibers

Question 17

mossy fibers synapse in the ____ and then the ____ before going to deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 17

granule layer; Purkinje cell layer

Question 18

climbing fibers originate from the _____ and get into the cerebellum via the ____

Answer 18

inferior olivary nucleus (olive) in the rostral medulla; inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 19

in the olivocerebellar tract, sensorimotor cortex projects via _____ collaterals onto ____ olivary nuclei ; olivocerebellar fibers project to ____ cerebellar cortex through _____

Answer 19

corticospinal; ipsilateral

contralateral; inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 20

climbing fibers regulate _____

Answer 20

Purkinje cell firing

Question 21

inferior olivary nuclei are involved in ____ and in the acquisition of _____

Answer 21

motor learning; new motor skills

Question 22

the red nucleus is located in the _____

Answer 22

rostral midbrain

Question 23

input to the red nucleus

Answer 23

collaterals from:

• cerebral cortical fibers descending to olive
• cerebellar output fibers ascending to thalamus

Question 24

red nucleus output

Answer 24

largest is inhibitory to ipsilateral olivary nucleus

Question 25

projections to the vermis of the cerebellum are to the ___ nucleus; medial hemisphere assoc with the ___ nucleus and the lateral hemisphere assoc with the ____ nucleus

Answer 25

fastigal; interposed; dentate

Question 26

3 layers of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 26

molecular layer
purkinje cell layer
granule layer

Question 27

molecular layer contains:

Answer 27

purkinje cell dendrites and granule cell axons

Question 28

____ layer has the only axons to leave the cerebellar cortex

Answer 28

purkinje cell

Question 29

cortical afferents are ____

Answer 29

excitatory (glutaminergic)

Question 30

cortical efferents are ____

Answer 30

inhibitory (GABAnergic)

Question 31

input to vestibulocerebellum from:

Answer 31

vestibular labyrinth and vestibular nuclei

Question 32

cerebellar location of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 32

flocculonodular lobe and part of the vermis

Question 33

vestibulocerebellum output to:

Answer 33

fastigial nucleus (which goes to vestibular nuclei) and vestibular nuclei

Question 34

function of vestibulocerebellum

Answer 34

• control of eye movements in response to head movements

- balance

Question 35

input to spinocerebellum from:

Answer 35

• spinal cord (spinocerebellar tracts)

- brainstem (trigeminal afferents)

Question 36

cerebellar location of spinocerebellum

Answer 36

• paravermal area

- part of vermis

Question 37

output from spinocerebellum

Answer 37

• interposed nucleus > magnocellular portion of red nucleus (rubrospinal and reticulospinal pathways)
• VA/VL of thalamus > limb area of primary motor cortex

Question 38

function of spinocerebellum

Answer 38

• posture and gait

- coordination of trunk and limb movements

Question 39

input to neocerebellum or pontocerebellum

Answer 39

motor cortex > basilar pons > middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 40

cerebellar location of pontocerebellum

Answer 40

lateral cerebellar hemisphere

Question 41

output of pontocerebellum

Answer 41

• dentate nucleus > parvocellular portion of red nucleus > inferior olivary nucleus
• VA/VL of thalamus > all motor cortex and parietal lobe

Question 42

function of pontocerebellum

Answer 42

• planning the timing of movements especially those of the upper extremity
• coordination of speech

Question 43

from interposed nucleus, axons leave through ____ and mostly terminate in ____ or ____

Answer 43

SCP; contralateral reticular formation; contralateral red nucleus

Question 44

functional zone of cerebellum involved in planning learned, skillful movements, those that become more precise and rapid with practice

Answer 44

lateral hemisphere

Question 45

injury to lateral hemisphere involves ___ and ____

Answer 45

arm; speech

Question 46

medial hemisphere involved in adjusting ____

Answer 46

limb movements

Question 47

vermis is involved in ____ adjustments

Answer 47

postural

Question 48

___ and ____ important in eye movements

Answer 48

flocculus; vermis

vestibulocerebellum