cerebellum

Question 1

what are the two primary roles of the cerebellum

Answer 1

correction of high motor skills movements in real time and motor learning (learning how to move)

Question 2

how many grey matter structures does the cerebellum have?

Answer 2

two
the layered cortex on its surface
cluster of cells in the deep nuclei

Question 3

how many parts is the cerebellum divided into and what are the structures

Answer 3

3 structures
- cerebrocerebellum
- spinocerebellum
- vestibulocerebellum

Question 4

what is the function of the cerebrocerebellum

Answer 4

• it receives input directly and indirectly from other parts of the cerebral cortex
• its primary involvement is in planning and execution of spatial and temporal sequences of movement and speech

Question 5

what is the function of the spinocerebellum

Answer 5

• this receives inputs from the spinal cord
• this is concerned with movement of the proximal muscle and certain types of eye movement (vermis)
  while the paramedial region is concerned with movement of distal muscles

Question 6

what are the three nucleous of the spinicerebellum

Answer 6

• dormal nucleus of clarke * lower body proprioceptive axons
• external caudate nucleus *upper parts of the body proprioceptive axons
• mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus * face proprioceptive axons

Question 7

what is the function of the vestibulocerebellum

Answer 7

vestinbulo-ocular reflex and regulation of movement that maintains posture and equilibrium

Question 8

what are the four major deep nuclei in each cerebellum hemisphere

Answer 8

dentate nucleus
two interposed nuclei
fastigial nucleus

Question 9

what is the function of the dentate nucleus

Answer 9

projects to the premotor and association cortices of the frontal lobe which is responsible for planning and initiating volitional movements

this pathway reaches the cortical areas after relay through the ventral lateral nuclear complex of the thalamus
also send neurons for eye movement related to upper motor neurons in the superior colliculus

send collaterals to the red nucleus in the midbrain which project to the inferior olive

Question 10

what is the function of the fastigial nuclei

Answer 10

• it projects to the nuclei of the reticular formation and vestibular complex that give rise to the medial tracts that govern the axial and proximal limb musculature

Question 11

what is the function of the interposed nuclei

Answer 11

lateral one - responsible for movement of limbs.

it sends projection to the thalamic circuits that project to motor regions in the frontal lobe

Question 12

what is the function of the vestibulocerebellum

Answer 12

it sends projections directly to the vestibular nuclei

Question 13

what is the function of the nuclei in the vestibular complex

Answer 13

governs movement of the eyes, head, and neck that compensate for linear and rotational acceleration of the head.

Question 14

name the three cerebellar peduncles

Answer 14

superior - efferent fibres from neurons in the deep cerebellar nuclei to motor nuclei in the thalamus and the superior colliculus
meddle - afferent fibres from pontine nuclei and from superior colliculus
inferior - afferent and efferent pathways

Question 15

what are the inhibitory cells in the cerebellum

Answer 15

basket cells and stellate cells