Cereals Flashcards
What are cereals?
Edible grasses which are grown and harvested for their grain.
What are the 5 most popular cereals in the UK?
Wheat, rice, maize, oats and barley.
Cereals are often referred to as staple foods. What does this mean?
Starchy foods that grow well and can be stored for consumption throughout the year.
What are the 3 components of a cereal grain?
The embryo, the germ and the bran.
What 6 nutrients are in a whole grain (when a cereal is left in its natural form)?
-Carbohydrates
-Protein
-Fats
-B vitamins
-E vitamins
-Fibre
What are 3 positive effects on the body from eating whole grains?
-Reduced risk of heart disease
-Reduced risk of type 2 diabetes
-Controlled blood cholesterol
What is one of the main cereal crops grown in the UK?
Wheat.
What are 4 examples of what wheat is used for?
-Primarily flour
-Bread
-Biscuits
-Cake
How is wheat grown and processed?
-Before wheat is planted, the ground has to be prepared by ploughing
-Wheat is sown
-Wheat is harvested
What does ploughing involve, before sowing wheat?
It involves turning over the topsoil using a tractor and plough for the creation of a new seedbed.
What is a millstone?
2 stones used to obtain flour from wheat by grinding the grain.
What are the 6 key processes of wheat milling?
1) Sampling/grading the wheat
2) Cleaning the wheat
3) Conditioning the wheat
4) Gristing the wheat
5) Grinding the wheat
6) Processing the flour (streaming)
How is wheat sampled and graded in the first stage of processing?
Wheat is laboratory checked to the required standard and wheat of the same grain is stored together is silos.
Name 3 ways wheat is cleaned:
-Large sieves
-Suction machines
-Spinners
What process turns wheat to flour?
Grinding the wheat.
How are different grades of flour made?
Different grades of flour are produced by sifting, separating and regrinding the flour several times.
What is added to flour after the milling process?
Small amounts of bleaching agents, oxidizing agents and nutrients.
What is fortification?
It is legally required that the nutrients calcium, iron and the B vitamins (niacin and thiamin) are added to all white and brown flour.
What is added to regular flour to make it self-raising?
Baking powder.
What are the 6 different types of wheat flour?
-Wholemeal
-Brown
-White
-Granary
Stoneground
-Organic
How is wholemeal flour made?
From whole wheat grain, where nothing is added and nothing is taken away.
What is wholemeal flour referred to as having?
A 100% extraction rate.
What is wholemeal flour a good source of?
Dietary fibre, NSP (non starch polysaccharide).
How is brown flour made and what percentage of the original grain is left?
Some bran and germ have been removed, this usually contains about 85% of the original grain.