cereal diseases caused by basidiomyces- rusts, smut,bunt Flashcards
list 3 wheat rusts species and one of their major symptoms/signs for each?
stripe rust- light yellow stripes of pustules
stem rust- pustules are seen in stem, leaves
leaf rust- pustules mainly seen in leaves rarely in stem
how do the measures work for control of diseases?
-destruction of the alternate host
the disease might not be able to live on all crops.
so if you use a different crops the disease might not become present
how do the measures work for control of diseases?
- early planting
the plant gets a head start before the disease comes.
the plant may not be in its susceptible stage for the disease
how do the measures work for control of diseases?
by rotating crops
by rotating them the disease might leave before the susceptible crop is planted
how to differentiate
loose smut VS common bunt
common bunt have fishy smelling seed
loose smut spores are easily spread by wind
how to differentiate
common bunt VS dwarf bunt
dwarf bunt plants are more stunted
common bunt have fishy smelling seeds
scientific names for each
- Stem rust caused by
- leaf rust caused by
- stripe rust caused by
- puccinia graminis
- puccinia triticina
- puccinia striiformis
Stem rust symptoms
brick red pustules formed on stems and to a lesser extent on leaves (uredinospores)
lesions are oval and elongated
as the plant ripens the pustules turn black (teliospres)
Leaf rust symptoms
pustules are round and on leaves
smaller than stem rust
yellowish red closely spread
uredinospores as plant ripens they turn black (teliospores)
Stripe rust symptoms
elongated yellow pustules on leaves and head
yellow urendinospores turn dark brown teliospores
heavy infections results in defoliation and shrivelling of seed
Rust management
resistant cultivars early planting of the crop removing crop resides crop rotation Possible fungicide application
loose smut
floral parts are replaced by masses of black spores
the spores are blown off or washed off
common bunt
bunt balls often larger than wheat kernels they are broken and have dark brown or black powdery spores inside that have a fishy smell
spread by the wind
Dwarf bunt of wheat
wheat is the main host especially winter wheat
other grasses are occasional hosts
stunted plants
Flag smut
-attacks leaves and stem
-long raised black raised streaks on leaves on the stem
infected leaves don’t expand fully and will be rolled and twisted
