CERAD EXAM 3 - Undersand the use of steering, braking and trasnmission Flashcards
What to consider when braking to a stop at night or poor visibility?
Keep the brake lights illuminated to inform following drivers that you are stopped
What can cause a vehicle to move without steering input? (3)
- Camber
-Crossfall - Side-winds
What defines a good seating position? (2)
- Hands on steerign wheel with slight bend in elbows
- fully depress clutch with slight bend in leg
Advantages of Push Pull Steering (2)
- Keeps both hands on the steering wheel
- Allows for immediate turn in either direction if required
How should you hold the steering wheel?
Lightly, but ready to grip tightly
When should you always have both hands on the steering wheel? (3)
Cornering
Braking
Driving through surface water
when is engine braking beneficial? (2)
Loose speed in conditions where the wheels would otherwise lock
Useful in long downward descents
What is tappered Breaking? What is its benefit?
Progressive and steadilly increasing, Relax as unwanted speed is lost, release as you stop to avoid jerking
Uses less fuel
Where does braking move the weight of the vehicle?
Front Wheels
What happens if you brake in a corner?
It upsets the vehicle and can cause a skid
What to consider when braking? (4)
Initial Speed
Road Surface
Weather Coniditons
Road and traffic conditions
What results in harsh braking? (3)
Poor…
Observation
Anticipation
Planning
What to consider when driving with a patient in the vehicle?
The drive should be regarded as part of the treatment plan and poor driving can effect prognosis
Most and least comortable seats
Most comfortable - Offside
Middle- nearside
least - anything over a wheel arch
3 available features in an auto gearbox
Lock Down
Sport
Manual Selection
What gears are used when a given lockdown is selected
All gears up to the lockdown gear (e.g if 3 is slected, 1,2 or 3 can be used)
What can happen if a vehicle is driver in lockdown for too long?
Overheat transmission fluid
What is the effect of sport mode? (2)
Holds lower gears for longer to improve acceleration
May disengage other systems such as ABS or ESP
Important Characteristics of automatic Gearboxes (3)
Creep
Run on
Kick Down
Creep?
Vehcile moves on its own in any gear other than P or N, magnitude depends on gravity
Run on?
Vehicle will not slow down by use of the engine when the accelerator is released. Feels similar to coasting. Can be controlled using Lock Down
Kick Down?
Saftey feature allowing for sudden acceleration by dropping a gear when a situation is dangerous
Define brake fade
A reduction in stopping power after sustained or repeated braking
What is the main purpose of gears?
Trasnform eng revs into usable power
What gear and revs to be used in slippery conditions?
High gear, low revs
Should you change gear in a corner and why?
No, can destabilise the vehicle and requires taking one hand off of the steering wheel
What does ECO mode do to an auto gear box and why?
Change up at lower revs to improve fuel economy when performance is not required
what RPM should you change up at in a deisel and petrol respectivley
2000 D
2500 P
fuel percent differences :
70-60
70-50
80-70
9%
15%
25%
Eco Driving techniques (6)
Smooth and gentle
Keep Rolling
Change up earlier
Use air con wisely
Cut down on electrics
Stick to the limit
Acceleraiton Sense definition
Vary the vehicle speed in response to changing road or traffic conditions by acurate use of the accelerator, using less brakes or none at all.
benefits of Acceleration Sense (3)
Uses less fuel
Less wear on the tyres
reduced emissions
What are the benefits of maintaining constant speed using acceleration in a corner
Even weight distrobution between front and rear ensuring maximum tyre grip
Negatives of not having smooth acceleration (4)
Uncomfortable
Unnecessary strain on the vehicle
Reduces tyre grip
Increases fuel consumption
What does acceleration capability rely on? (5)
Fuel source
Engine Output
Effeciency
Power:weight ratio
Load
