Cephalosporins Flashcards
What are cephalosporins
Modified b-lactams on a 7 ring sturcture
How to cephalosporins work
analogous to penicillin, bacteriacidal if T>MIC is maintained
What health risk would be of concern when using cephalosporin
toxicity if renal function is compromised
1st generation cephalosporin spectrum
gram + and many gram -
2nd generation cephalosporins spectrum
gram + with more gram - than gen 1
3rd generation cephalosporins spectrum
less active against gram +, but greater gram -
4th generation ceph
gram +/-
5th generation ceph
MRSA, gram +/-
When are 1st generation cephs used?
Not first drug of choice ever
When are 2nd generation cephs used?
H. influenzae oral sinusitis and otitis
mixed anaerobic infections
CNS infections
when are 3rd generation cephs used
Gram - CNS infections
Most sold cephalosporin
When to use penicillins over cephalosporins for sore throat
Strep throat
When are 5th generation cephalosporins used?
MRSA
What is the newest class of B-lactams
Carbapenems
What is the broadest spectrum antimicrobial drug?
Imipenem
What is imipenem coadmisitered with and why?
cilastatin, otherwise it is broken down in the renal tubules
How is bacitracin used and why?
Topical gram +/- bacteria. causes kidney damage if used internally.
What is the first line defense against MRSA
Vancomycin
What is the spectrum of vancomycin?
Gram +
What are other uses for Vancomycin besides IV and why would they be used
Poor oral absorptions allows for treating intestinal infections
Side effects of vancomycin
Nephrotoxic and ototoxic
Redman’s syndrome
What class should never be given with vancomycin
Aminoglycosides
What is the spectrum of Polymyxins
Gram -
used for MDR gram - infections
What is Daptomycin used for
Gram + bacteria including MRSA and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
What is daptomycin useless for and why
pneumonia- pulmonary surfactants inactivate it
