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Antimicrobials > Cephalosporins > Flashcards

Cephalosporins Flashcards

1
Q

What are cephalosporins

A

Modified b-lactams on a 7 ring sturcture

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2
Q

How to cephalosporins work

A

analogous to penicillin, bacteriacidal if T>MIC is maintained

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3
Q

What health risk would be of concern when using cephalosporin

A

toxicity if renal function is compromised

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4
Q

1st generation cephalosporin spectrum

A

gram + and many gram -

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5
Q

2nd generation cephalosporins spectrum

A

gram + with more gram - than gen 1

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6
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins spectrum

A

less active against gram +, but greater gram -

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7
Q

4th generation ceph

A

gram +/-

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8
Q

5th generation ceph

A

MRSA, gram +/-

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9
Q

When are 1st generation cephs used?

A

Not first drug of choice ever

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10
Q

When are 2nd generation cephs used?

A

H. influenzae oral sinusitis and otitis
mixed anaerobic infections
CNS infections

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11
Q

when are 3rd generation cephs used

A

Gram - CNS infections

Most sold cephalosporin

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12
Q

When to use penicillins over cephalosporins for sore throat

A

Strep throat

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13
Q

When are 5th generation cephalosporins used?

A

MRSA

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14
Q

What is the newest class of B-lactams

A

Carbapenems

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15
Q

What is the broadest spectrum antimicrobial drug?

A

Imipenem

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16
Q

What is imipenem coadmisitered with and why?

A

cilastatin, otherwise it is broken down in the renal tubules

17
Q

How is bacitracin used and why?

A

Topical gram +/- bacteria. causes kidney damage if used internally.

18
Q

What is the first line defense against MRSA

A

Vancomycin

19
Q

What is the spectrum of vancomycin?

A

Gram +

20
Q

What are other uses for Vancomycin besides IV and why would they be used

A

Poor oral absorptions allows for treating intestinal infections

21
Q

Side effects of vancomycin

A

Nephrotoxic and ototoxic

Redman’s syndrome

22
Q

What class should never be given with vancomycin

A

Aminoglycosides

23
Q

What is the spectrum of Polymyxins

A

Gram -

used for MDR gram - infections

24
Q

What is Daptomycin used for

A

Gram + bacteria including MRSA and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus

25
Q

What is daptomycin useless for and why

A

pneumonia- pulmonary surfactants inactivate it

Antimicrobials (6 decks)

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