cephalosporin and penicilins Flashcards
what is cephalosporin (cell wall synthesis inhibitors )
is a class of beta-lactam antibiotics it consists of A Beta-lactam ring and its side chain, a dihydrothiazine ring and its side chain , has 5 generations
Gen 1 cephalosporins
may work against gram positve aerobic bacteria . doesnt work for GAA, maybe for G-P. Cefazolin - parental
Gen 2 cephalosporins
may work against GGA but not Atypical. Cefuroxime
Gen 3 cephalosporins
Works against gram-N maybe against gram-P, but not AA. . penetrates through cell membrane and has high affinity for penicillin binding proteins and increased stability against B-lactamases. Cefotaxime .
Gen 4 cephalosporins
Works against P.aeruginosa , works against gra,-N, maybe gram-P. NOT AA. cefepime
Gen 5 cephalosporins
GG-works, maybe against anaerobes and doesn’t work for Atypical bacteria eg. ceftaroline.
What is a penicillin
has a beta- lactam ring, a thiazolidine ring and a variable side chain. is less stable than cephalosporins.
Natural penicillins
May work against Gram-P and anaerobes but doesnt work against the rest. Penicillin - G
Antistaphylococcal penicillins
Works against some gram-P not against GAA. Naficillin
Aminopenicillins
May work in GGA but not atypical . the additional amino group in the side chain increases hydrophilicity + pass through the porins in the outer membrane of gram-N.Ampicillin
Aminopencillin +b-lactamase inhibitors
Works against gram -P and anaerobes not against atypical. amoxicillin +clauvanate (oral)
Extended spectrum penicillins
may work against GGAnaerobes , not Atypical . Has greater penetration into gram-N than aminopenicillins. piperacillin
Extended spectrum penicillins +Beta lactamase inhibitors
works for GGAnaerobes but not atypical bacteria. piperacillin + tazobactam
