Antibiotics

Question 1

Glycopeptides (vancomycin )
-cell wall synthesis inhibitors;

Answer 1

vancomysin binds to the d-alanine and d- lysine (D-ala-d-ala) preventing the cross linking of peptidoglycan between the NAM NAG amino sugars destroying the cell membrane.

Question 2

Tetracyclines ( doxycyline )
- inhibits protein translation (inhibiting protein synthesis)

Answer 2

inhibits protein translation in bacteria by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and blocking entry of amino-acyl tRNA molecules into the A site of the ribosome. (bacteriostatic), used against atypical bacteria and but not gram-positive and not to be used in pregnant women or young children as it disrupts bone development and teeth staining. Broad spectrum eg, works for chlamydia

Question 3

Glycylcycline (tigecycline)
-inhibits protein translation (inhibiting protein synthesis)

Answer 3

exact same mechanism as tetracyclines but has a broader spectrum of activity works against GGAA(green), used against drug resistant bacteria

Question 3

Aminoglycosides (gentamycin and tobramycin )
-inhibits protein translation (inhibiting protein synthesis)

Answer 3

binding to the aminoacyl site of 16S ribosomal RNA within the 30S ribosomal subunit(inhibiting protein synthesis).use reserved for serious gram negative infections as several adverse effects eg. renal failure and respiratory depression.

Question 4

Macrolides ( clarithromycin )
-inhibits protein translation (inhibiting protein synthesis)

Answer 4

broad spectrum, used for people with penicillin allergy and , active against some GGAtypical inhibiting protein synthesis.

Question 5

Metronidazole

Answer 5

forms free radical which breaks DNA -cell death, works only in absense of 02 therefore only against anaerobic eg, c.difficile

Question 6

Fluoroquinolones(ciproflaxin)