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Benji's Flashcards > Central & Southern Italy > Flashcards

Central & Southern Italy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 12 different subtypes of the Lambrusco grape?

A

Lambrusco Salamino
Lambrusco Grasparossa
Lambrusco Maestri
Lambrusco di Sorbara
Lambrusco Marani
Lambrusco Viadanese
Lambrusco di Alessandria
Lambrusco Oliva
Lambrusco Montericco
Lambrusco Barghi
Lambrusco Benedetti
Lambrusco del Pellegrino

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2
Q

Where is Ciliegiolo grown?

A

In Tuscany as a blend grape and also in Umbria, where it’s gaining traction

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3
Q

Where is the red grape Aglianico grown? What is it most famous for?

A

Aglianico is grown in Campania, Calabria, Basilicata, and Apulia. It most famous for Taurasi DOCG

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4
Q

Which were the two first DOCGs in Central Italy?

A

Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

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5
Q

What mountain range defines central Italy?

A

The Appennine Mountains

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6
Q

What is the most planted grape in Italy?

A

Sangiovese

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7
Q

What are the seven sub-zones of Chianti?

A

Rufina (Firenze)
Colli Fiorentini (Firenze)
Montespertoli (Firenze)
Montalbano (Prato, Pistoia, Firenze)
Colli Senesi (Siena)
Colli Aretini (Arezzo)
Colline Pisane (Pisa)

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8
Q

Where is Chianti Classico located?

A

Between Florence and Siena

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9
Q

What two different and important soil types can be found in Chianti Classico?

A

Galestro and Alberese

Galestro is a friable schistic clay, while Alberese is a harder marlstone analogous to limestone.

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10
Q

What is the third soil type that you can find?

(Not Galestro or Alberese)

A

Macigno

Macigno is a grayish-blue sandstone, and another, calcareous tufa, is found in the south

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11
Q

What soil type is found in the top Chianti vineyards?

A

Usually a combination of Galestro and Alberese

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12
Q

What communes of production are there for Chianti Classico?

A

Siena: Castellina in Chianti, Radda in Chianti, Gaiole in Chianti, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Poggibonsi

Firenze: Greve in Chianti, San Casciano Val di Pesa, Barberino Tavarnelle

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13
Q

What is the home for the highest-elevation vineyards in Chianti?

What characterizes those wines?

A

Radda in Chianti, above 650 meters

A more elegant version of Chianti

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14
Q

What other communes have high-elevation vineyards except for Radda in Chianti?

A

Castellina, with vineyards above 500 meters

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15
Q

Chianti Classico has moved towards planting more with Guyot vine training, but what technique has historically been used for vine training here?

A

Gobelet (Bush vine) or Alberello

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16
Q

What is the minimum requirement of Sangiovese in Chianti and Chianti Classico?

A

70% for Chianti

80% for Chianti Classico

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17
Q

In Chianti, blending Canaiolo and Malvasia Nera with Sangiovese is very common. What type of character do they add to the blend?

A

Canaiolo enhances Sangiovese-based wines with more precision and finesse

Malvasia Nera is similar but gives heightened floral aromatics

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18
Q

What is Colorino used for when bledning with Sangiovese?

A

As the name of the grape sounds, to add or deepend the color of Sangiovese

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19
Q

Can Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot be added to Chianti Classico?

A

Yes, up to 20%

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20
Q

May you add white grapes to Chanti or Chianti Classico?

A

Yes, for Chianti, it is up to 10%.

No longer for Chianti Classico

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21
Q

What is the “Governo” method?

A

Partially dried grapes (or potentially fresh grapes or must) are added midway through fermentation, particularly if the fermentation is stuck

With the introduction of temperature control and modern enology, stuck fermentation is rarely an issue today, and the practice has been widely abandoned. Historically, governo winemaking has given the wines unique raisiny richness, structure, and distinctive fizziness.

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22
Q

Is the Governo method allowed for Chianti or Chianti Classico?

A

Yes for Chianti, no for Classico

But the label has to state “Governo all’uso Toscano”

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23
Q

What is the aging requirement for Chianti?

A

May not be released until March 1 of the year following the harvest

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24
Q

What is the aging requirement for Chianti Superiore?

A

May not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest

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25
Q

What is Chianti Riserva’s aging requirement?

A

Minimum 2 years aging from January 1 of the year following harvest

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26
Q

What is the aging requirement for Chianti Classico?

A

May not be released until October 1 of the year following the harvest

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27
Q

What is the aging requirement for Chianti Classico Riserva?

A

Minimum 24 months aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest, including 3 months in the bottle

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28
Q

What is the aging requirement for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?

A

Minimum 30 months aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest, including at least 3 months in the bottle

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29
Q

What other requirements do Chianti Classico Gran Selezione hold, except for aging requirements?

A

Wines must be from produced estate fruit, and from 2027, it must be a minimum of 90% Sangiovese

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30
Q

What does the name Brunello mean?

A

“Small dark one”

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31
Q

Who’s the inventor of Brunello?

A

Clementi Santi of his estate Il Greppo

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32
Q

Clementi Santi and his “invention” of Brunello succeeded and were further modernized by whom?

A

Ferruccio Biondi Santi

He isolated the Brunello Grosso variety. He dedicated his wine to be aged for a long time in large botti

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33
Q

Which were the first DOCGs in Central Italy?

A

Brunello di Montalcino DOCG
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

Both in 1980

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34
Q

In Italy, the use of Slovenian oak is quite common. What can you tell me about Slovenian oak?

  • Species
  • Compared to French barrels
  • Usual sizes of barrels
A
  • Quercus robur
  • Is compacted and tightly grained. Producers claim it’s gentler and imparts less flavor than French barrels
  • Usually, larger formats called Botti are generally over 500 liters, if not over 1000 liters.
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35
Q

What can you tell me about Brunellogate or Brunellopoli?

A

In 2008, a scandal raised suspicions about dark-colored Brunellos. Rumors spread that tanks of Nero d’Avolo and Bulk Spanish wines were entering the region by night.

Several producers came under investigation, and over one million liters of Brunello and Rosso were declassified

Temporarily damaged Brunello’s reputation

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36
Q

What is Italy’s most expensive wine?

In hectoliter price for bulk

A

As of 2019, Brunello is most expensive at 1,085 euro per hectoliter in bulk

Compared with 665 euro for Barolo and 272,50 euro for Chianti Classico

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37
Q

Can new producers bottle Brunello and establish new vineyards in the region?

A

No, as a UNESCO World Heritage site Montalcino has reached its maximum allotted vineyard hectarage.

As a new producer, they must purchase land and rights from another winery.

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38
Q

Is Montalcino a single commune?

A

Yes

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39
Q

What are the aging requirements for Brunello di Montalcino DOCG? (And Riserva)

What other requirements are there?

A

Minimum 2 years in wood plus 4 months in bottle, may not be sold before January 1 of the 5th year following the harvest

For Riserva: Minimum 2 years in wood plus 6 months in bottle, may not be sold before January 1 of the 6th year following the harvest

Must be 100% Sangiovese (locally known as Brunello)

The finished wine must be bottled in a Bordelaise bottle with a cork stopper

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40
Q

What type of soil can you find in Brunello di Montalcino, and what is the climate like here?

A

Clay and marine sediments at a lower elevation, galestro at a higher elevation

The landscape gently undulates and is more open and less forested than Chianti Classico. Warmer and more exposed to the moderating effects of the Mediterranean sea

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41
Q

What are the aging requirements for Rosso di Montalcino DOC?

A

Wines may not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest

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42
Q

What oak is preferred for more traditional winemaking versus modern winemaking for Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Large Slovenian Botti’s for traditional producers and often French Barriques for modern producers

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43
Q

Is Montepulciano a single commune?

A

Yes

44
Q

What are the aging requirements for Rosso di Montepulciano DOC?

A

Wines may not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest

45
Q

What are the aging requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG?

A

Minimum 2 years aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest, with the following options:

  • 24 months in wood
  • Minimum 18 months in wood plus 6 months in an alternative container
  • Minimum 12 months in wood and a minimum 6 months in bottle, with the remainder in an alternative container
46
Q

What are the aging requirements for Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Riserva DOCG?

A

Minimum 3 years aging, including at least 6 months in bottle, from January 1 of the year following the harvest

47
Q

What are the minimum requirements for Sangiovese for Rosso di Montepulciano DOC, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG, and Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Riserva DOCG?

How much of the rest of the percentage may be white grapes?

And what is the local name of the grape?

A
  • Minimum 70% Sangiovese
  • Maximum 5% non-aromatic white grapes
  • It is known as Prugnolo Gentile here
48
Q

What is the translation of Vin Santo?

Where does the name come from?

A

“Holy Wine”

It comes from the Vino Santorini, a reference to the Greek Vin Santo, which is crafted with similar methods

49
Q

What grapes are Vin Santo usually a combination of? What do the grapes do to the blend?

Which is the predominant grape for Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice/Riserva?

A
  • Usually, it is a combination of Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia Bianca Lunga.
  • Trebbiano is more acidic, whereas Malvasia provides more richness to the blend.
  • Sangiovese is the predominant grape for Occhio di Pernice
50
Q

What does OCChio di Pernice mean?

A

Eye of the partridge

51
Q

What winemaking method is used for Vin Santo?

A

Appassimento

52
Q

Vin Santo usually uses small barrels that are 50 liters in volume; what are the names of those barrels?

A

Caratelli

53
Q

What type of wood is usually used for Caratelli?

A

The type of wood varies broadly and can include acacia, cherry, peach, mulberry, or mixed-stave barrels, but the most traditional is chestnut.

54
Q

What is the preferred cooperage for small Carateli barrels?

A

Renzi Francesco, better known for the manufacture of similar barrels used for Modena balsamic vinegar

55
Q

Each Caratelli barrel holds a “madre” (mother), what is this?

A

An old sludge of wine and yeast that is used to indulge fermentation and remains on the bottom of the Caratelli in between fills

56
Q

What type of wine does Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG produce?

  • Grapes used
  • Style
  • Principal soil type
A

White wine (Bianco)

  • Minimum 85% Vernaccia di San Gimignano (grape) and maximum 15% non-aromatic whites
  • Dry white wine
  • Sandy loam, sandy-clay yellow tuff
57
Q

What does Sassicaia mean?

A

“Place/the land of many stones”

58
Q

What is the approximate grape blend used for Sassicaia?

A

85% Cabernet Sauvignon and 15% Cabernet Franc

59
Q

What type of wine do Bolgheri DOC and Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC produce?

A

Super-Tuscans

60
Q

What are the aging requirements for Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC?

A

Minimum two years from January 1 of the year following the harvest, including at least 18 months in 225-liter barriques

61
Q

What type of wine does Suvereto DOCG produce?

A

Red wine with Cabernet/Merlot/Sangiovese, either as blends or varietal wines

62
Q

What type of wine do Val di Cornia DOC and Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG produce?

A

The regular DOC produces many styles, blends, and varietals. But the DOCG focuses on reds based on Sangiovese (minimum 40%)

63
Q

What type of wines does Maremma Toscana DOC produce?

A

Like almost every varietal in styles such as Bianco, Rosso, Vin Santo, and so on

64
Q

What type of wine do Montecucco DOC and Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG produce?

A

The DOCG is for minimum 90% Sangiovese.

While the DOC does everything from whites made from Trebbiano, Malvasia, and Vermentino to Sangiovese blends.

Also, Vin Santo, too

65
Q

What type of wine does Morellino di Scansano DOCG produce?

A

Minimum 85% Sangiovese (known here as Morellino

66
Q

What type of wine does Bianco di Pitigliano DOC produce?

A

Bianco/Spumante or Vin Santo wines made mostly by Trebbiano Toscano

67
Q

What type of wine does Sovana DOC produce?

A

Red wines from a minimum of 50% Sangiovese and other varietals

68
Q

What type of wine does Ansonica Costa dell’Argentario DOC produce?

A

Bianco wines based on Ansonica (known as Inzolia in Sicily)

69
Q

What type of wine does Carmignano DOCG produce?

A

Red wine from 10-20% Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Cabernet Franc. Minimum 50 Sangiovese

70
Q

What type of wine does Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG produce?

A

Passito/Sweet red wine from 100% Aleatico

71
Q

What type of soil is found in Orvieto?
(similar to the soil found in Vouvray)

A

Tufa soil

72
Q

What type of wine does Orvieto DOC produce?

A

Dry to sweet white wine from a minimum of 60% Trebbiano Procanico and Grechetto

73
Q

What type of wine does Rosso Orvietano DOC produce?

A

Red wines from various French and Italian grapes

74
Q

What type of wine does Montefalco Sagratino DOCG produce?

A

Red wine from the Sagratino grape

75
Q

What are the five communes of Montefalco Sagratino DOCG?

A

Montefalco and portions of Bevagna, Gualdo Cattaneo, Castel Ritaldi, and Giano dell’Umbria

76
Q

What type of wine does Torgiano Rosso Riserva DOCG produce?

A

Red wine from a minimum of 70% Sangiovese

77
Q

Name three food products (not wine) that are well-known and produced in Emilia Romagna

A

Prosciutto di Parma, Parmigiano Reggiano, Modena Balsamic vinegar

78
Q

What type of wine does Colli Bolognesi Classico Pignoletto DOCG produce?

A

Exclusively still white wine based on Pignoletto (Grechetto Gentile or Alionzina)

79
Q

What are the five DOCGs of Marche?

A

Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG
Cònero (Cònero Riserva) DOCG
Offida DOCG
Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG
Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG

80
Q

What type of wine does Castelli di Jesi Verdicchio Riserva DOCG produce?

A

Still white wine based on Verdicchio

81
Q

What type of wine does Cònero (Cònero Riserva) DOCG produce?

A

Red wine based on Montepulciano (maximum 15% Sangiovese)

82
Q

What type of wine does Offida DOCG produce?

  • Grapes used
A

White or red wine

White varieties: Pecorino or Passerina

Red varieties: Montepulciano

83
Q

What type of wine does Verdicchio di Matelica Riserva DOCG produce?

A

White wine based on Verdicchio

84
Q

What type of wine does Vernaccia di Serrapetrona DOCG produce?

A

Rosso spumante, secco or dolce

Based on Vernaccia Nera

85
Q

What are the three DOCGs of Lazio?

A

Cannellino di Frascati DOCG
Cesanese del Piglio (Piglio) DOCG
Frascati Superiore DOCG

86
Q

What type of wine does Frascati Superiore DOCG produce?

A

White wine based on:

Minimum 70% combined Malvasia Bianca di Candia and/or Malvasia del Lazio

Maximum 30% Bellone, Bombino Bianco, Greco Bianco, Trebbiano Toscano, and/or Trebbiano Giallo

Maximum 15% other white grapes suitable for cultivation in Lazio

87
Q

What type of wine does Cannellino di Frascati DOCG produce?

A

White wine based on:

Minimum 70% combined Malvasia Bianca di Candia and/or Malvasia del Lazio

Maximum 30% Bellone, Bombino Bianco, Greco Bianco, Trebbiano Toscano, and/or Trebbiano Giallo

Maximum 15% other white grapes suitable for cultivation in Lazio

88
Q

What type of wine does Cesanese del Piglio (Piglio) DOCG produce?

A

Red wine based on a minimum of 90% combined Cesanese di Affile and/or Cesanese comune (common)

89
Q

What are the four DOCGs in Campania?

A

Aglianico del Taburno DOCG
Fiano di Avellino DOCG
Greco di Tufo DOCG
Taurasi DOCG

90
Q

What type of wine does Aglianico del Taburno DOCG produce

A

Red wine and Rosé based on Aglianico

91
Q

What type of wine does Fiano di Avellino DOCG produce?

A

White wine based on Fiano

92
Q

What type of wine does Greco di Tufo DOCG produce?

A

White wine and sparkling based on Greco

93
Q

What type of wine does Taurasi DOCG produce?

A

Red wine based on Aglianico

94
Q

What are the aging requirements for Taurasi DOCG/Riserva?

A

Taurasi: Minimum 3 years from December 1 of the harvest year, including at least one year in wood

Riserva: Minimum 4 years from December 1 of the harvest year, including at least 18 months in wood

95
Q

What are the four DOCGs of Puglia?

A

Castel del Monte Bombino Nero DOCG
Castel del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG
Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG
Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG

96
Q

What type of wine does Castel del Monte Bombino Nero DOCG produce?

A

Only Rosé wines based on Bombino Nero

97
Q

What type of wine wine does Castel del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG produce?

A

Red wine based on Nero di Troia

98
Q

What type of wine does Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG produce?

A

Red wine based on Nero di Troia (only a minimum of 65%)

99
Q

What type of wine does Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale DOCG produce?

A

Red sweet wine based on 100% Primitivo (the grapes may be dried

100
Q

What type of wine does Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG produce? And where is it located?

A

Red wine on the Aglianico grape, and it is located in Basilicata

101
Q

What is Sicily’s most planted white grape? And what is it used for?

A

Catarratto.

It is used for Marsala blends and Alcamo Bianco DOC table wines

102
Q

What are the grapes used for Marsala?
(Both white/golden and red)

A

White: Grillo, Ansonica (Inzolia), Catarratto, Damaschino

Red: Perricone, Calabrese (Nero d’Avola), and Nerello Mascalese

103
Q

What are the grapes used for Etna DOC? (Both white and red)

A

White: Carricante, Catarratto Bianco Comune or Catarratto Bianco Lucido, Trebbiano and/or Minella Bianca

Red: Nerello Mascalese, Nerello Mantellato (Nerello Cappuccio)

104
Q

What type of wine does Faro DOC produce, and where is it located?

A

Red wine based on Nerello Mascalese and Nerello Cappuccio

105
Q

What type of wine does Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG produce?

A

Red wine based on Nero d’Avola (Calabrese) and Frappato

106
Q

What type of wine does Vermentino di Gallura DOCG produce? And where is it located?

A

White wine based on Vermentino in an aromatic and rich style and may be aged in oak. It is located on Sardegna

Benji's Flashcards (35 decks)

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