Central regulation of motivation and emotion

Question 1

What’s the PRIME theory of motivation?

Answer 1

Plans < - > Evaluations < - > Motives –> Impulse–>Response

Question 2

What is meant by reflective and automatic motivation?

Answer 2

Reflective: Beliefs about what is good/bad –> conscious intentions/plans

automatic: emotional response/desires/habits resulting from associative learning and psychological states

Question 3

What is VNS?

Answer 3

Vagus Nerve Stimulation: treatment for epilepsy/ depression

new: reduces appetite –> weight loss

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is said to be motivating?

Answer 4

Dopamine (DA)

Question 5

What is Ed Roll’s emotional theory?

Answer 5

• emotions are states elicited by reinforcers (rewards/punishment) depending on learnt and available coping strategies. Reinforcers can be primary (unlearned) or secondary (learned)
• emotions involve cognitive processing (moods don’t always)
• emotions maintain actions leading to gene-specified goals or reinforcers

Question 6

How many basic emotions are there thought to be and what are they?

Answer 6

Possibly 8 which are universal (facial expressions) and in all mammals:

anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, surprise, contempt, (embarrassment?)

Question 7

What is the relationship between feeling pain and feeling hurt?

Answer 7

Pain and (social) hurtful emotion share same brain pathways

Question 8

Explain implicit vs explicit awareness of emotions

Answer 8

Eg the drink test: subconsciously seen happy/sad faces highers/reduces liking of drink –> emotional stimuli can unconsciously alter motivated behaviour