Central + Peripheral nervous systems

Question 1

What does the somatic nervous system consist of?

Answer 1

• Transmits messages for motor movement from the CNS to the body
• Convey sensory information to the CNS

Question 2

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

Answer 2

-Sends and receives messages to regulate the automatic behaviours of the body.

Question 3

What does the Sympatheic nervous system do?

Answer 3

-Stimulates the increase of body behaviours.

Question 4

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Answer 4

-Inhibits the stimulation of the Sympathetic nervous system, returning the body to rest.

Question 5

What does the medulla do?

Answer 5

-Regulates cardiovascular and respiratory systems, responsible for reflexes and maintaining body balance.

Question 6

What does the forebrain contain?

Answer 6

The two cerebral hemispheres, the outer cortex (visible, cerebral cortex) and sub-cortex regions.

Question 7

What does contralateral mean?

Answer 7

opposite, e.g. the hemispheres receive information from one side in order to control movement from the contralateral side.

Question 8

What is the visible part of the forebrain?

Answer 8

The cortex

Question 9

How big is the cortex?

Answer 9

In primates it is the biggest part of the brain, makes up 80%.

Question 10

How thick is the cortex?

Answer 10

2-3mm thick.

Question 11

How is the cortex organised?

Answer 11

Contains 6 thin layers that are parallel to the surface, cells are divided into columns and lie perpendicular.

Question 12

How is the cortex divided?

Answer 12

Into 4 lobes, occipital, parietal, temporal and frontal.

Question 13

Where is the occipital lobe?

Answer 13

Back of the brain next to cerebellum

Question 14

Where is the temporal lobe?

Answer 14

Next to the temples.

Question 15

Where is the parietal lobe?

Answer 15

Above the occipital

Question 16

What is olfaction bulb?

Answer 16

The area under the prefrontal cortex that controls smell.

Question 17

Where are the thalamus and hypothalamus?

Answer 17

Above the medulla in the sub-cortex.

Question 18

What is the thalamus?

Answer 18

It contains relay centres which convey nearly all the sensory information in the cortex.

Question 19

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 19

Controls autonomic nervous system and endocrine system and organises the basic survival behaviours, such as feeding, fighting, fleeing and mating.

Question 20

What is the limbic system?

Answer 20

Set of interconnecting structures surrounding the thalamus under the cortex, including the amygdala and hippocampus. It is involved in emotional and motivational activities as well as learning and memory.

Question 21

What are the primary sensory projection areas?

Answer 21

They serve as receiving stations for information arriving from the body, eyes ears and more.

Question 22

What is the primary motor projection area?

Answer 22

Depart point for signals to the muscles.

Question 23

How does the body and brain communicate?

Answer 23

The motor nerve to the motor cortex or the sensory nerve to the somesthetic cortex.

Question 24

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

Answer 24

Isolated pathways that lead information from the senses to the brain areas.

Question 25

What covers the majority of information coming in and out of the brain?

Answer 25

The peripheral nervous system and the 12 cranial nerves.

Question 26

How do the somatosensory and motor cortex control body areas?

Answer 26

Each section of the brain areas are mapped coordinated with each other to cover all body areas.

Question 27

How are the brain areas in the motor and somatosensory cortex’s sorted?

Answer 27

The size of the cortical area is directly proportional to the complexity of the function it represents not the size of the body part.