Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology 101 > Central NS > Flashcards

Central NS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what brain regions make up the diencephalon

A
  • thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • pineal gland
  • pituitary gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what brain regions make up the brainstem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of medulla oblongata

A
  • transmit info b/t spine + brain
  • contains CV centre + respiratory rhythmicity centre
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

functions of CV + respiratory rhythmicity centres in medulla oblongata

A

CV = adjusts HR, heart contractions + blood flow

Resp. rhyth = regulates breathing rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of pons + what structures it links

A
  • links cerebellum w/ midbrain, diencephalon, cerebrum + spinal cord
    -has nuclei + tracts that process info sent to + from the cerebellum
  • location of nuclei which control the activity of resp rhythm. centres in MO.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of midbrain

A
  • process + regulate auditory + visual info
  • controls alertness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of superior colliculi in midbrain

A
  • process visual info
  • control reflex for eye, head + neck movement for visual stimuli tracking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function of inferior colliculi in brain stem

A
  • receives auditory info from medulla oblongata + pons
  • control reflex of head neck + torso for aud. stimuli tracking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

function of cerebellum

A

coordinates movement at subconscious level
- maintains balance+ eq. / monitors proprioception
- fine tunes learned movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

3 functions of thalamus

A
  • filters ascending info to cerebral cortex
  • relays info from cerebellum to cerebral cortex
  • recognises pain, temp + pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

functions of hypothalamus

A
  • homeostasis
  • autonomic function control
  • coordinates NS + endocrine systems
  • body temp regulation
  • circadian rhythms
  • emotions + behaviour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

functions of limbic system

A
  • est. emotional states
  • links conscious + autonomic functions
  • facilitates memory storage + retrieval
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

function of cerebrum

A
  • controls conscious thoughts + intellectual function
  • processes somatic sensory + motor info
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

functions of special sensory nerves

A

carry sensations such as smell, sight, hearing + balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

receptor defintion

A

specialised cell that monitors specific conditions in body or external environ.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

function of receptor

A

detects stimulus + converts to AP -> travel to CNS via sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how are receptors classified

A
  • by the type of stimulus that excites them
    eg. touh vs taste receptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of nociceptor

A

detects pain + itch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

function of thermoreceptor

A

detects temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

function of chemoreceptors

A

detects chem. conc. eg. CO2

21
Q

function of mechanoreceptors

A
  • detects tactile receptors: touch, pressure + vibration
  • baroreceptors: organ pressure
  • proprioceptors: muscle contraction + joint position
22
Q

describe the structure of simple sensory receptors eg. pain

A
  • free nerve endings on both sides
  • unmyelinated axon
23
Q

describe the structure of complex sensory receptors eg. touch

A
  • enclosed nerve endings in connective tissue @ dendrites
  • myelinated axon
24
Q

describe the structure of special sensory receptors eg. sight + hearing

A
  • specialised receptor cell (hair cell)
    -> separated from actual neuron -> releases neurotransmitters
  • myelinated axon
25
Q

differentiate b/t a small + large receptive field

A
  • small = provides detailed info -> fine touch + pressure tactile receptors eg. finger
  • large = provides less detailed info -> crude touch + pressure eg. back
26
Q

describe the concept of a ‘labelled line’

A
  • detected info follows specific neuronal pathway to cortical region of brain
  • one type of receptor responds to one specific modality
  • nerve attached to that type of receptor only carries that sensation
27
Q

how does receptor adaptation occur

A
  • changes in sensitivity occur in presence of continual stimulus
  • peripheral adaptation occurs when activity amount changes
  • central adaptation occurs once info in CNS -> activity along sensory pathway inhibited
28
Q

describe the activity levels + adaptation rate of tonic receptors

A
  • always active
  • adapt slowly eg. pain
29
Q

describe the activity levels + adaptation rate of phasic receptors

A
  • rapidly adapting
  • have reduced activity after desensitisation eg. entering cool room on hot day
30
Q

how many neurons are in a somatosensory pathway + where are they located

A

3
- first order: info to CNS -> synapses w/ interneuron

  • second order (interneuron): in spinal cord or brainstem / crosses to opposite side of CNS
  • third order neuron: in thalamus, synapses with second order neuron
31
Q

what info does the spinothalamic pathway carry

A

poorly localised touch
pressure
pain
temp

32
Q

describe the pathway of the spinothalamic pathway

A
  • anterior or lateral spinothalamic tract (in MO)
  • midbrain
  • cerebral cortex
33
Q

what info does the posterior column pathway convey

A

precise touch
vibrations
proprioception

34
Q

describe the structures involved in the posterior column pathway

A
  • fasciculus gracilis + fasciculus cuneatus
  • nucleus gracilis + nucleus cuneatus (in MO)
    -medisal leminscus to midbrain
  • ventral nuclei in thalamus
  • cerebral cortex
35
Q

what info does the spinocerebellar pathway carry

A

muscle, tendon + joint positions

36
Q

describe the structures involved in the spinocerebellar pathway

A
  • anterior + posterior cerebellar tracts (spinocerebellar pathway) in spinal cord
  • MO
  • pons
  • cerebrum
37
Q

differentiate b/t the fast + slow pain pathways of nociceptors

A
  • A-delta fibres = fast pain pathway (sharp)
  • C fibres = slow pain pathway (dull)
38
Q

how do opioids work as analgesics

A

block the release of NTs from pre-synaptic neuron therefore post-syn neuron X activated
-> no interpretation of pain

39
Q

compare + contrast the voluntary + involuntary motor pathways

A

both have sensory pathway of:
- depolarisation of sensory receptor by arriving stimulus
- AP generation
- propagation of AP to CNS
- CNS processing

involuntary pathway has immediate involuntary response

voluntary pathway undergoes perception then voluntary response

40
Q

function of somatic sensory association area

A

integrate sensory info -> generate meaningful patterns of recognition + awareness

41
Q

describe the function of primary motor cortex

A

control of skeletal muscle

42
Q

describe the function of somatic motor association area

A
  • communicate w/ other areas
  • coordinate movement of several muscle groups
  • controls learned skilled movements
  • stores movement programs
43
Q

how many neurons does the cortical spinal pathway have and what does it control

A

at least 2 motor neurons - upper + lower
- controls skeletal muscles

44
Q

what 3 things protect the spinal cord

A

vertebral column bones
meninges - pia mater (closest), arachnoid mater, dura mater
CSF - chem. protection / waste removal

45
Q

what 4 things protect the brain

A

bones of cranium
cranial meninges
cerebrospinal fluid
blood-brain barrier -(biochem.)

46
Q

functions of CSF

A
  • cushion delicate neural structures
  • support brain
  • transport nutrients, chem. messengers + waste products
47
Q

functions of blood brain barrier

A
  • isolate neural tissue from general circulation
  • isolates brain from chem. that can disrupt neural function
48
Q

how do molecules cross the blood brain barrier

A
  • lipid soluble = diffuse across
  • water + ions = channels

Physiology 101 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions