Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y1 - HPP2 > Central Nervous System I > Flashcards

Central Nervous System I Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the components of the CNS

A

Made up of the brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Nerves from CNS to organs

Divided into somatic, autonomic and enteric NS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the difference between neurons and glial cells

A

Neurons - Excitable cells

Glial - Non-neuronal support cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a soma?

A

Contains nucleus and most organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are dendrites?

A

Reception of incoming information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are axons?

A

Transmit electrical impulses (AP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an axon hillock?

A

Where axon originates and AP initiated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an axon terminal?

A

Releases NTs

Note: Most neurons are non-divided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the components of a neuron?

A

Presynaptic - Dendrites, cell body (soma), nucleus, axon hillock, axon, axon terminal
Synapse, dendrites,
Postsynaptic, collateral axon, axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the node of Ranvier?

A

Area of polarity reversal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the different structural classes of neurons?

A

Bipolar, Pseudo-unipolar and multipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the difference between bipolar, pseudo-unipolar and multipolar

A

Bipolar - Has one axon and one dendrite extending from the soma
Unipolar - Has one structure that extends away from the soma
Multipolar - Has one axon and multiple dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the functional classes of neurons in terms of input

A

Sensory/visceral receptors in PNS input signal via afferent neuron along peripheral axon by unipolar neuron to CNS interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the functional classes of neurons in terms of output

A

Interneurons in CNS send signal to cell body towards PNS to effector organs via efferent neurons by multipolar neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe afferent neurons

A

Carries impulses to CNS, for sensory function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe efferent neurons

A

Carry impulses in opposite direction away from CNS, for motor function

17
Q

Describe interneurons

A

99% of all neurons in body (Only in CNS)

CNS integrate sensory info, Initiate/Coordinate efferent responses

18
Q

Describe the functional association of neurons

A

Neuron-Neuron in CNS

Effector organs in PNS (muscle/gland)

19
Q

What are the types of neurons functionally associated?

A

Electrical

Chemical (All neurotransmission is chemical)

20
Q

Describe the communication across a synapse

A 
Action potential
Voltage-gated Ca channels open
Ca triggers exocytosis
NT diffuses/binds to receptor
Response in cell, terminated by removing NT from synaptic cleft
Degradation
Re-uptake
Diffusion
21
Q

What are the types of neuron-neuron synapses?

A

Axodendritic synapse - Pre axon to post dendrite
Axosomatic - Pre axon to post soma
Axoaxonic - Pre axon to post axon

22
Q

Describe the structural organisation of neurons in the nervous system

A

In CNS: Nuclei - Group of cell bodies
Pathways, tract, commissures - Bundles of axons
In PNS: Ganglia - Group of cell bodies
Nerves - Bundle of axons

23
Q

What are the different types of glial cells in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes, Ependymal, Microglia, Oligodendrocytes

24
Q

Describe astrocytes cells

A

Most abundant cell in human brain, communicate via gliotransmission/gap junctions

25
Q

Describe ependymal cells

A

Supporting epithelial cells, lines cavities and facilitates movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

26
Q

Describe microglia

A

Phagocytes of the CNS

27
Q

Describe oligodendrocytes

A

Forms many myelin sheaths, myelinates sections of many axons

28
Q

What is a type of glial cell in the PNS and its function?

A

Schwann cells - Forms one myelin sheath, myelinates one section of an axon

29
Q

What is neurium?

A

Supportive connective tissue found in the PNS

Y1 - HPP2 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions