Central Nervous System drugs

Question 1

What is Neuropharmacology?

Answer 1

It is the study of drugs that alter processes controlled by the Nervous system and it is subdivided by ANS and CNS

Question 2

What are the 5 steps of the Neuro transmitter?

Answer 2

1. Synthesis of the neurotransmitter- down from the different types of pre coarser molecules
2. Storage at the vesicle
3. Release of the neurotransmitter from the terminal neuron
4. Action at the receptor- the transmitter now binds reversibly which occur in the post synaptics (which will now cause a response)
5. Termination of the transmission- We do it via 3 different ways
   Reuptake into the nerve that terminal which is at 5A
   5B enzymatic degradation
   5C diffusion away from the gap

Question 3

What is the meaning of GABA?

Answer 3

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Question 4

What is the role of a blood brain barrier?

Answer 4

-Limits the passage of many solutes or even water across the body fluid or brain mass
-It protects the brain from injury (it prevents brain cells of being burst) so it’s easier for the brain to regulate
-But mahirap siya pasukin ng mga gamot

Question 5

What is the effect if we use CNS drugs for a long time?

Answer 5

it increases therapeutic effects
-we’ll see the effect around 2-4 weeks. That’s why patient who have psychiatric disorders, specifically those with major depressant symptoms or patients with seizure/epilepsy, sometimes we do not see immediately the effect (us nurses, we need to do health teaching like even they don’t see the changes yet, they still need to continue taking the specific drug). ++for at least whole month, dun nila makikita kung need nila to check with a doctor if nothing is happening

Question 6

It causes sleepiness or drowsiness in patients, it actually has side effect producing sedation

Answer 6

Phenobarbital

Question 7

It is the decreased response occurring in the course of prolonged drug use

Answer 7

Tolerance

Question 8

It is most commonly see in patient with who uses the drug for recreation, like drug abusers. Within a day like alcohol, they usually have this symptoms like delusion, cold sweats, anxiety, mood changes. Mostly if their bodies are dependent in getting that constant dosage of drug.

Answer 8

Withdrawal symptom

Question 9

It is characterized by falling asleep during normal waking activities (driving/talking)

Answer 9

Narcolepsy

Question 10

LEVODOPA + MAOI =

Answer 10

HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS

Question 11

What are the 8 Nursing considerations?

Answer 11

1. Monitor for adverse reactions and be alert for drug interactions
2. Report muscle twitching and blepharospasm (early signs of drug overdose
3. Monitor vitals especially during dosage adjustments
4. Evaluate understanding of drugs
5. Administer with food to prevent GI irritation (except levodopa)
6. Withhold dose, notify physician if V/S or mental status change significantly
7. Safety precautions
8. If the patient receives a single-dose, the drug is better given at bedtime

Question 12

It is the most commonly prescribed anticonvulsant drug

Answer 12

Phenytoin

Question 13

It binds to a carrier protein and act at a receptor resulting in increased GABA in the brain

Answer 13

Gabapentin

Question 14

It is used for treatment of malignant hyperthermia (complication of anesthesia causing muscle rigidity and high fever)

Answer 14

Dantrolene sodium

Question 15

Acts like Acetylcholine but not inactivated by ACHe

Answer 15

Succinylocholine

Question 16

What are the carboxylic acid derivatives?

Answer 16

Valproate, valproic acid, divalproex

Question 17

Defined as involuntary action of a muscle or muscle group

Answer 17

Muscle spasm

Question 18

Relax skeletal muscles by disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses at the motor end plate

Answer 18

Neuromuscular blocking drugs

Question 19

Drugs that block receptors for ACh

Answer 19

ANTICHOLINERGIC AGENTS

Question 20

Directly/indirectly cause activation of dopamine receptors

Answer 20

DOPAMINERGIC DRUGS