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(Q3) BE - ANA 102 > CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Bilaterally symmetric soft gelatinous structure surrounded by meninges

A

Brain

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2
Q

The brain is enclosed in a what?

A

Cranium

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3
Q

An average human brain weighs

A

3 pounds or 1300-1400 grams

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4
Q

What are the 4 major regions of the brain?

A

Cerebral hemisphere, diancephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum

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5
Q

Comprise half of brain mass and hides the remainder of brain from view

A

Cerebral hemisphere

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6
Q

The cerebral hemisphere resembles a

A

Walnut

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7
Q

deep fissure incompletely separates the hemispheres from one another

A

Longitudinal cerebral fissure

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8
Q

the entire surface of the hemisphere exhibits elevated ridges called

A

Gyri

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9
Q

Depressions of the cerebral hemisphere are called?

A

Sulci

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10
Q

True or false. Each hemisphere divided into several lobes are named after the bones above them

A

True

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11
Q

3 main regions of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Cortex, White matter, and basal nuclei

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12
Q

situated deep within the white matter and is composed of gray matter

A

Cortex

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13
Q

speech, memory, logical and emotional responses, consciousness, sensation, voluntary movement, are functions of?

A

Cortex

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14
Q

it forms the bulk of the cerebrum

A

White matter

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15
Q

they carry info destined for the cortex and cortical responses to other regions of the CNS

A

Fiber tracts

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16
Q

Large fiber tract that connects the 2 hemispheres

A

Corpus callosum

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17
Q

help regulate motor activities

A

Basal nuclei

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18
Q

True or false. When you have a problem with the basal nuclei, you can still walk normally

A

False

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19
Q

4 main lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal,and occipital

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20
Q

separates the frontal lobe to the parietal lobe

A

Central sulcus

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21
Q

The division of the parietal lobe and occipital lobe is called the?

A

Parieto-occipital sulcus

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22
Q

Impulses traveling from the sensory receptor, except the special senses, are localized or restricted and interpreted in this area

A

Primary somatic sensory area

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23
Q

Allows you to recognize pain, difference in temperature, or even a light touch

A

primary somatic sensory area

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24
Q

True or false. The primary somatic sensory area works separately

A

False. they work contralateral meaning the left receives from the right side of the body, and vice versa

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25
Q

Allows us to consciously move our skeletal muscles and is structurally labeled as the pre-structural gyrus

A

Primary motor area

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26
Q

The major voluntary motor tract in the primary motor area that descends to the spinal cord

A

Pyramidal tract or corticospinal tract

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27
Q

Motor speech area found at the base of the frontal lobe

A

Broca’s area

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28
Q

The broca’s area is in which side of the hemisphere?

A

Left

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29
Q

Important for language development located in temporal lobe. Responsible for comprehension of speech, meaning the ability to understand what is spoken

A

Wernick’s area

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30
Q

Damage in the wernick’s area can head to which disorder where there there is difficulty in speaking coherent sentences or understanding others’ speech

A

Aphasia

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31
Q

Responsible for higher intellectual reasoning and socially acceptable behavior

A

Anterior Association Area of the Frontal Lobe

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32
Q

Plays a role in recognizing patterns and faces and blending of several different inputs into an understanding of the whole situation

A

Posterior Association Area

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33
Q

fibers that connect areas within a hemisphere

A

Association fibers

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34
Q

Sits on tops of the brain stem and enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres

A

Diencephalon

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35
Q

3 structures of the diencephalon

A

Epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus

36
Q

Constitutes the dorsal surface of the diencephalon

A

Epithalamus

37
Q

knots of capillaries and form the cerebral spinal fluid

A

Choroid plexus

38
Q

Relay station for sensory impulses passing upward to the sensory cortex

A

Thalamus

39
Q

Thalamus encloses which ventricle?

A

3rd

40
Q

It localizes or intercepts the sensation

A

Thalamus

41
Q

Makes up the floor of the diencephalon and is an important autonomic center bc it plays a role in regulating body temperature, water balance and metabolism

A

Hypothalamus

42
Q

The hypothalamus is also a part of which system in the body?

A

Limbic system

43
Q

The hypothalamus houses the mammillary bodies for our sense of what?

A

Smell or olfaction

44
Q

Posterior or inferior part of the brain, continuous with the spinal cord

A

Brain stem

45
Q

Length of brain stem

A

3 inches or 7.5cm

46
Q

produce autonomic behaviors important for survival

A

Brain stem

47
Q

3 Parts of the brain stem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

48
Q

Houses the cerebral aqueduct, cerebral peduncle, and corpora quadrigemina

A

Midbrain

49
Q

a canal that connects the 3rd ventricle of the diencephalon to the 4th ventricle

A

Cerebral aqueduct

50
Q

which convey ascending and descending impulses in the brain stem

A

Cerebral peduncle

51
Q

4 rounded protrusions located on the posterior part of the brain stem

A

Corpora quadrigemina

52
Q

reflex centers for vision in the corpora quadrigemina

A

Superior colliculi

53
Q

contains reflex centers for hearing in the corpora quadrigemina

A

Inferior colliculi

54
Q

A rounded structure that protrudes just below the midbrain

A

pons

55
Q

pons means ___

A

Bridge

56
Q

Merges into the spinal cord without any obvious change in structure also the area where the important pyramidal tracts crossover to opposite side

A

Medulla oblongata

57
Q

Contains centers that regulate vital visceral activities like heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, and vomiting

A

Medulla oblongata

58
Q

Extending the entire length of the brain stem is a diffuse mass of gray matter called ___. it controls the visceral organs

A

Reticular formation

59
Q

plays a role in the wake sleep cycles and filters sensory inputs streaming up the spinal cord and the brain stem.

A

Reticular activating system

60
Q

Damage to the reticular activating system can lead to

A

Coma

61
Q

Provides precise timing for skeletal muscle activity and controls our balance

A

Cerebellum

62
Q

When cerebellum is damaged thru a blow to the head, tumor, or stroke, movements become, clumsy and disorganized

A

Ataxia

63
Q

Connective tissue membrane that cover and protect our CNS organs

A

Meninges

64
Q

Inflammation of the meninges results in a condition called

A

Meningitis

65
Q

viral meningitis that spread into the brain tissue.

A

encephalitis

66
Q

Double-layer external covering of meninges

A

Dura mater

67
Q

Layer attached to the surface of the skull

A

Periosteal layer

68
Q

outer covering of the brain

A

Meningeal layer

69
Q

found inserted between the cerebral hemispheres thru the longitudinal fissure

A

Falx cerebri

70
Q

separates the cerebellum from cerebrum

A

Tentorium cerebelli

71
Q

Middle, web-like membrane with thread like extension that traverse the usb arachnoid space and attached to the pia mater

A

Arachnoid Layer

72
Q

Innermost, tightly clings to the surface of the brain and the cord

A

Pia Mater

73
Q

Watery broth with components similar to blood plasma. it forms a watery cushion that protect the nervous tissue from blow and trauma. also helps the brain float so it won’t be damaged by the pressure of its own weight.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

74
Q

True or false. The cerebrospinal fluid is constantly circulating

A

True. It forms and drains in a constant rate so that its normal pressure and volume are maintained

75
Q

How do you obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Lumbar or spinal puncture

76
Q

Provides a two way conduction pathway to and from the brain. Major reflex center

A

Spinal Cord

77
Q

Collection of spinal nerves at the end of the cord

A

Cauda equina

78
Q

look like a butterfly or letter H
on the posterior are the dorsal / posterior horns - contain interneurons

A

Inner gray matter

79
Q

where sensory impulses enter, if damaged sensation from the body will be lost

A

Dorsal root ganglion

80
Q

contain cell body of motor neurons in the anterior part of the inner gray matter

A

Ventral horns

81
Q

conveys motor impulses out of the cord. the roots fuse to form the spinal nerve

A

Ventral root of the spinal nerve

82
Q

Damage to the ventral root causes

A

Flaccid paralysis

83
Q

Composed of myelinated fiber tracts. Some running to higher centers, some traveling from the brain to the cord, some are conducting impulses from one side of the cord to the other

A

Outer white matter

84
Q

conducting sensory impulses of outer white matter

A

Afferent tracts

85
Q

Carry impulses from the brain to the skeletal muscles

A

Inferrent tracts

(Q3) BE - ANA 102 (5 decks)

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