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OTC > Central Nervous System > Flashcards

Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

How is chronic pain defined?

A

Pain lasting longer than 3 months

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2
Q

What are some of the side effects of prostaglandin release?

A

Inflammation, swelling and redness

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3
Q

What might be the cause of toothache?

A

Decay
Abcesses
Gum disease

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4
Q

What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?

A

A sprain is an injury to the ligaments supporting a joint.

A strain is an injury to the muscles or tendons that support a joint.

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5
Q

What are the two types of back pain?

A

Lumbago and Sciatica

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6
Q

What are the seven different types of headache?

A 
Tension headaches 
Migraines with aura 
Migraines without aura 
Sinus headaches 
Cluster headaches 
Hangover headaches 
Medicine overuse headaches
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7
Q

How is the pain distributed in sinus headaches?

A

Dull pain localised above and below the eyes.

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8
Q

Describe the symptoms of a cluster headache.

A

Sharp pain around the eye which can cause a watery eye and temporarily dropping of the face on one side.

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9
Q

What are some of the alarm symptoms of a headache in which you should refer to the Pharmacist?

A 
If the headache has lasted more than a week 
Speech is slurred
Pain with fever
Numbness 
Pain that prevents movement
Recent head injuries 
Pain onset is sudden 
Pain is persistent
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10
Q

Which type of analgesics prevent the production of prostaglandins?

A

Paracetamol and Non-Steroidial Anti-Inflammatories

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11
Q

How do combination opioids work?

A

They bind to opioid receptors found in the gut, spinal cord and brain which prevents the neuronal signalling and the pain sensation being experienced.

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12
Q

What are some examples of Topical Analgesics?

A

Counter irritants: Add feeling of warmth distracting the brain
Heat patches
Cooling therapies
TENS: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) machines send small electrical pulses through the area to block pain signals.

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13
Q

What is some lifestyle advice for dealing with injuries?

A

Protect, Rest, Ice, Compress and Elevate (PRICE) the injury for 48hours after a sprain or strain.

Compress the injury to reduce swelling

Continue gentle movement

Stay well rested

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14
Q

What is some lifestyle advice to prevent further injuries?

A

Warm up and cool down when exercising

Good posture

Weight loss to reduce pressure on the joints

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15
Q

What are some of the symptoms that indicate a baby is teething?

A 
Excess dribbling 
Swollen/ red/ bleeding gums 
Chewing toys 
Flushed cheeks 
Inability to be soothed, no other apparent cause
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16
Q

At what age do children have their milk teeth?

A

3 years old

17
Q

What are some of the alarm symptoms for teething babies?

A 
Rash 
Fever and vomitting 
Baby becomes floppy or unresponsive 
The baby is refusing foods 
Breathless/ wheezing
18
Q

What treatment options are available for teething infants?

A

Local anaesthetics in the form of teething gels can be used alongside ibuprofen and paracetamol

19
Q

What lifestyle advice could be offered to a parent of a teething infant?

A

Try and distract them by playing
Cold vegetables to chew on or frozen fruit can soothe the gums
Petroleum jelly prevents rashes from forming due to dribbling
Cooled teething rings can be used (e.g Chewy)

20
Q

Why does travel sickness occur?

A

Conflicting signals between the balance in the ear detecting movement and signals from the eyes detecting motionless.

21
Q

Give examples of possible OTC treatments for travel sickness?

A

Anti-histamines

Hyoscine Hydrobromide

22
Q

What doses of Cinnarizine and Promethazine can be used?

A

Cinnarizine should be taken 2 hours before a journey and a second dose can be taken 8 hours later if it is still required.
Promethazine can be taken 1-2 hours before or the night before if it is a long journey

23
Q

What is the duration of effect of Cinnarizine and Promethazine?

A

Cinnarizine: 8 hours
Promethazine: 4-6 hours but can be up to 12
Hyoscine hydrobromide: can repeat doses every 3 hours but no more than 3 doses within 24 hours. Patches can be kept on for up to 72 hours.

24
Q

What are some of the possible side effects of hyoscine hydrobromide?

A

Can cause eye irritation
Constipation
Dizzy and sleepy
Dry mouth

OTC (10 decks)

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