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Biochemistry > Central Dogma - Replication > Flashcards

Central Dogma - Replication Flashcards

1
Q

Process by which DNA makes identical copies of itself

A

Replication

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2
Q

Replication during the _____ of the cell cycle in preparation for cell division

A

S phase

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3
Q

Steps in DNA Replication

A

Unwinding of 2 DNA strand
Formation of the replication fork
Synthesis of RNA primes
Synthesis of New DNA strand
Excision of the RNA primer and replacement with DNA

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4
Q

Separation of DNA strands begins at the origin of replication, a sequence rich in

A

A-T pairs

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5
Q

single origin

A

Prokaryotes

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6
Q

multiple origins

A

Eukaryotes

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7
Q

Formation of Replication Fork
opens duplex at specific sites in origin

A

DNA Protein

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8
Q

Replication Characteristics

A

Semiconservative
Bidirectional
Semi-discontinuos

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9
Q

Formation of Replication Fork
binds to ssDNA and keeps them seperated

A

SSBP Single strand DNA-binding proteins

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10
Q

Formation of Replication Fork
unwinds the DNA double helix

A

DnaB Protein (DNA helicase)

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11
Q

Formation of Replication Fork
relieves torsional strain brought about by DNA unwiding

A

DNA Topoisomerase (DNA gyrase)

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12
Q

Synthesis of RNA Primers
Provides the free 3’ -OH group to where deoxyribonucleotides will be added

A

RNA Primers

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13
Q

Synthesis of RNA primers
needed because the major DNA replicating enzyme can only extend a pre-existing DNA strand and cannot initiate a nucleotide chain

A

RNA Primers

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14
Q

Synthesis of RNA primers
catalyzes the synthesis of the RNA primers

A

RNA primase

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15
Q

Chain Elongation
synthesis of new DNA strand
catalyzes chain elongation
requires dATP, dGTP, dCTP, dTTP
also proofreads the new strand for mismatches

A

NDA Polymerase III

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16
Q

Excision of Primers and Sealing of Nicks
Excises RNA primers and fills in gaps with deoxyribonucleotides until only one phosphodiester bond remains to be formed
replace RNA primer, DNA

A

DNA Polymerase I

17
Q

Excision of Primers and Sealing of Nicks
catalyzes formation of phosphodiester bond to seal nicks formed during
connects the okazaki figments

A

DNA ligase

18
Q

Semiconservative
Daughter DNA molecules contains one strand from the _____ and one ___ _____ strand

A

Parent
Newly synthesized

19
Q

Occurs in two opposite directions about the origin of replication

A

Bidirectional

20
Q

Semi-discontinuos
Synthesis of new DNA strand always occurs from the ______ with respect to the DNA strand being synthsized

A

5’ to 3’ direction

21
Q

Semi-discontinuos
continuos elongation

A

Leading strand

22
Q

Semi-discontinuos
elongation is discontinuous

A

Lagging strand

23
Q

Semi-discontinuos
Lagging strand
short chains are first made _____ which are eventually linked together to form a long chain

A

Okazaki fragments

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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