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Biochemistry > Carbohydrates: Structure and Properties > Flashcards

Carbohydrates: Structure and Properties Flashcards

1
Q

Polyhydroxylated aldehydes and ketones and substances that yield such compounds upon hydolysis

A

Carbohydrates

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2
Q

_____ and _____ and substances that yield such compounds upon hydolysis

A

Polyhydroxylated aldehydes and ketones

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3
Q

Functions of Carbohydrates

A

energy source
structural framework
cells walls
nucleic acids and lipids and proteins
cell-to-cell recognition

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4
Q

Carbohydrates Major Classes
Single polyhydroxylated aldehyde or ketone unit

A

Monosaccharides (simple sugars)

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5
Q

Carbohydrates Major Classes
Consist of two monosaccharides linked together by a glycosidic bond

A

Disaccharides

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6
Q

Carbohydrates Major Classes
Made up of 3-10 monosaccharide units

A

Oligosaccharide

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7
Q

Carbohydrates Major Classes
Long chains of monosaccharide units

A

Polysaccharides

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8
Q

Monosaccharides
General formula:
Simplest would be those with

A

(CH2O)n
n = 3

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9
Q

Classifying monosaccharides based on

A

carbonyl group present and the number of carbon atoms

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10
Q

Classifying monosaccharides based on carbonyl group present

A

Aldose
Ketose

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11
Q

Classifying monosaccharides based on the number of carbon atoms

A

Triose
Tetrose
Pentose
Hexose
Heptose

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12
Q

All monosaccharides (except dihyroxyacetone) are optically active

A

Stereochemistry

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13
Q

All monosaccharides (except dihyroxyacetone) are

A

optically active

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14
Q

All monosaccharides (except _____) are optically active

A

dihyroxyacetone

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15
Q

No. of Stereoisomers = 2n
n = no. of

A

chiral centers

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16
Q

No. of Stereoisomers = 2n
For _______, n=1 2¹ = 2 stereoisomers

A

Aldotriose

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17
Q

No. of Stereoisomers = 2n
For _____, n= 2 2² = 4 stereoisomers

A

Aldotetrose

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18
Q

No. of Stereoisomers = 2n
For ______, n=3 2³ = 8 stereoisomers

A

Aldopentose

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19
Q

No. of Stereoisomers = 2n
For ________, n=4 2⁴ = 16 stereoiseomers

A

Aldohexose

20
Q

Sugars that differ in configuration in only one carbon other than the penultimate carnbon

A

Epimers

21
Q

-OH at anomeric C cis to -CH²OH

A

b - anomer

22
Q

-OH at anomeric C trans to -CH²OH

A

a - anomer

23
Q

Stereoisomers that differ in configuration at the anomeric carbon

A

Anomers

24
Q

Conversion of anomers

A

Mutarotation

25
Q

Anomers
All three structures are in _______ in aqueous soln’s

A

equilibrium

26
Q

Sugars that are able to undergo oxidation coupled with a reduction of another substance

A

Reducing Sugars

27
Q

Reducing Sugars
Sugars that are able to undergo _____ coupled with a _____ of another substance

A

oxidation
reduction

28
Q

The anomeric carbon can react with an -OH of an alcohol to give a acetal called

A

glycoside

29
Q

If the -OH is part of another monosaccharide, then the resulting glycoside is

A

disaccharide

30
Q

Disaccharides
milk sugar
reducing
b-1, 4

A

Lactose

31
Q

Disaccharides
sugar used in brewing beer
a-1, 4
reducing

A

Maltose

32
Q

Disaccharides
common table sugar
a-1, b-2
non-reducing

A

Sucrose

33
Q

Consider the open chain structure of

A

D-idose

34
Q

Using Haworth structure, draw the b- and a- anomer of

A

D-idose

35
Q

Draw a disaccharide made up of two a-anomers of D-idose linked through

A

a- 1, 6 glycosidic bond

36
Q

Consist of ten to thousands of monosaccharide units

A

Polysaccharides

37
Q

Polysaccharides
only one type of monosaccharide as repeating unit

A

homopolymes

38
Q

Polysaccharides
more than one type of monosaccharide linked together

A

heteropolymers

39
Q

Polysaccharides
major component of plant cell

A

Cellulose

40
Q

Polysaccharides
major storage form of carbohydrates in plants

A

Starch

41
Q

Polysaccharides
major storage form of carbohydrates in animals and fungi

A

Glycogen

42
Q

Polysaccharides
Very similar with amylopectin in structure but with a higher degree of branching

A

Glycogen

43
Q

N-containing polysaccharides which is the major component of exoskeletons of crustaceans (shrimp, crab, lobster etc)

A

Chitin

44
Q

Polysaccharides
Major component of neural, connective and epithelial tissues that functions as shock absorber

A

Hyaluronic Acid

45
Q

Formation of hemiacetals/hemiketals

A

Cyclic Structures

Biochemistry (4 decks)

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