Central Dogma And Its Application In Medicine Flashcards
What is central dogma?
Conceptual representation flow of genetic info
DNA - transcription - RNA - translation - protein
Enzyme used in process of DNA to RNA
RNA polymerase
Enzymes used in central dogma?
DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, Reverse transcriptase, RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Explain the sickle cell disease
A mutation occurs where glutamic acid (polar mol) mutates Into valine which is a non polar molecule. These nonpolar molecules interact together and and they get stacked to one side of the rbc. This changes the shape of the RBC
What happens when sickle cell is formed?
1-RBC’s cannot carry oxygen
2- RBC’s cannot move freely by of their shape so they get stuck in blood vessels often which causes pain
What is a genome
An organisms complete set of DNA including all of it’s genes
Transcriptome
The full range of messenger rna or mRNA, molecules expressed by organisms
What is the process of DNA to DNA called?
Replication
Enzyme used in DNA replication
DNA polymerase
Process of DNA to RNA
Transcription
Process of RNA to DNA
Reverse transcription
Enzyme Tuesday in RNA to DNA
reverse transcriptase
RNA to RNA process?
RNA replication
RNA to RNA enzyme
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
Proteome
Complete set of proteins expressed by an organism
Metabalome
The quantitative complement of low-molecular weight metabolites present in a cell under a given set of physiological conditions
Or
The metabolome refers to the complete set of small-molecule chemicals found within a biological sample
What is HbC?
Hemoglobin C disease which occurs when the 6th position in the beta chain of RBC is replaced by another amino acid, in this case glutamate is replaced by lysine
Why does HbC move slowly towards the anode compared to HbS and HbA?
Because in HbC, the previous amino acid which is negative is replaced by a positive amino acid (lysine)
