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BISC 101: Midterm > Central Dogma > Flashcards

Central Dogma Flashcards

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1
Q

Helicase

A

The enzyme that breaks the h-bonds of the double helix

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2
Q

Topoisomerase

A

The enzyme that keeps the replication bubble open

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3
Q

The lagging strand

A

Fragments of DNA being made in the opposite direction of the replication bubble

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4
Q

Leading strand

A

the strand that is being made in the same direction as the repication bubble

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5
Q

DNA polymerase 3

A

Creates strands

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6
Q

DNA polymerase 1

A

Replaces RNA primer with DNA

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7
Q

DNA Ligase

A

Joins fagments

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8
Q

Okazaki Fragments

A

Fragments that make up the lagging strand

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9
Q

Primase

A

Creates the RNA that will be turned into DNA

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10
Q

What direction is DNA being made

A

from 5 prime to 3 prime

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11
Q

DNA replication

A

The process of creating two new identical strands of DNA

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12
Q

Cellular replication basic steps

A
  1. Copy DNA
  2. Separated the copies
  3. Divide cytoplasm
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13
Q

M phase check points

A
  1. Chromosome attached to spindle
  2. Chromosome separated
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14
Q

G2 check point

A

DNA replication finished

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15
Q

G1 check point

A

cell size, sufficient nutrients, undamaged

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16
Q

Interphase functions

A

cell growth, DNA duplicated, nucleus and organelles duplicated

17
Q

Gap phases purpose

A

allow cell to grow and replicate organelles

18
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes condense, spindles form

19
Q

Prometaphase

A

Nuclear envelop breaks down, microtubules contact chromosomes at center

20
Q

Metaphase

A

chromosomes move to middle of cell

21
Q

anaphase

A

sister chromatids separate

22
Q

telophase

A

new nuclear envelop formes and chromosomes de-condense

23
Q

Cytokinesis

A

cell division begins

24
Q

Plant cell spartation divider

A

Cell plate

25
Q

Animal cell separation divider

A

cleavage furrow

26
Q

cohesin

A

protein that holds sister chromatids together

27
Q

Condensins

A

protein that compacts the DNA

28
Q

Nuclear lamins

A

protein that stabilizes the nucleus

29
Q

kinetochore proteins

A

attach microtubules to DNA

30
Q

Origin of DNA replication

A

replication bubble

31
Q

Direction of replication

A

5 prime to 3 prime

32
Q

Replication basic steps (leading strand)

A
  1. DNA is opened and primed
  2. DNA polymerase 3 makes the leading strand
33
Q

Replication basic steps (lagging strand)

A
  1. RNA primer creates RNA replicates
  2. first segment is synthesized
  3. next fragment is synthesized
  4. Primer is replaced with DNA by DNA polymerase 1
  5. DNA ligase closes the gap
34
Q

What enzyme repairs DNA

A

DNA polymerase

BISC 101: Midterm (6 decks)

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