Cells Flashcards
Fundamental units of life
Cells
selectively permeable membrane around the cell
plasma membrame
Store transmit and process information
Nucleic acids
Preform cell functions
proteins
Provide energy to the cell
Carbohydrates
Unicellular organisms with no a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotes
Cells with membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes
How to see small bacteria or small cells
Light microscopy
The material inside a cell that is not the nucleous
Cytoplasm
Small rRNA units that translate DNA
Ribosomes
Intracellular fluid of proteins, ions and membranes
cytosol
Contains the DNA and makes the RNA for ribosomes
Nucleus
A sac-like organelle that is an extention of the nuclear envelop that makes proteins and lipids
Endoplasmic reticulum
Macromolecular RNA that is the site of protein synthesis
Ribosomes
Stack of flat sacs that is the site of protein modification
Golgi Apparatus
Double membrane energy producers
Mitochondira
The main source of energy in the body
ATP
Plant cell characteristics
cell walls, no lysosomes, chloroplasts
Cell division in the body
mitoses
Reproductive cell production
meiosis
Vacuoles function
Nutrients for germination, colourful pigments, toxic defence
Long bound strand of DNA
Chromosome
DNA histome complex
nucleosome
Steps of Mitosis
- Prophase
- Prometaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
Microtubules
grows in metaphase and separates the chromosomes
Holds sister chromatids together
Cohesins
Compact DNA
condensins
prokaryote
A single cell organism with no membrane-bound organelles
eukaryote
A cell with membrane-bound organelles
A spieces of single cell organisms that continue to reproduce as long as they have nutrients
bacteria
Eukaryotic characteristics
Number of cells remain constant
What is special about nerve cells
do not divide
Cell cycle control
check points
Location of check points
End of g1, end of g2, two metaphase check points
Apoptosis
killing a cell
rapidly replicating damaged cells
cancer
