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applied biology - unit 1 > cellular ultrastructure and function > Flashcards

cellular ultrastructure and function Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of cell?

A

Eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell

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2
Q

What are eukaryotic cells?

A

These cells make up multicellular organisms such as plants and animals. They are complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

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3
Q

What are prokaryotic cells?

A

These cells are single-celled organisms. They are simple structures and do not have a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles.

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4
Q

What’s the function of plasma membrane?

A

The membrane is selectively permeable and regulates the transport of materials in and out of the cell. Separates cell contents from the outside environment

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5
Q

What’s the function of mitochondria?

A

The site of the final stages of aerobic respiration

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6
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm maintains cell shape and stores chemicals needed by the cell for metabolic reactions

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7
Q

What is the function of the nucleolus?

A

The nucleolus synthesises RNA and ribosomes

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8
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

The nucleus controls/regulates cellular activity and houses genetic material called chromatin, DNA and proteins from which comes the instruction for making proteins

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9
Q

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

A

Protein synthesis takes place on the ribosomes and the newly synthesised proteins are transported to the Golgi apparatus

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10
Q

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

A

Responsible for synthesis and storage of lipids and carbohydrates

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11
Q

What are the functions of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Newly made proteins are received here from the RER. The Golgi apparatus modifies them and then packages the proteins into vesicles to be transported to where they need to go. Lysosomes are produced here.

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12
Q

What is the function of vesicles?

A

Transport vesicles are used to transport materials inside the cell and secretory vesicles transport proteins that are to be released from the cell, to the cell surface membrane

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13
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Break down waste material including old organelles

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14
Q

What is the function of 80s ribosomes?

A

Protein synthesis occurs at the ribosomes

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15
Q

What is the function of centrosomes?

A

They form spindle fibres during cell division

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16
Q

What is resolution?

A

The ability to distinguish between objects that are close together

17
Q

How do you calculate magnification?

A

size of image (I) / actual size (A)

applied biology - unit 1 (8 decks)

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