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applied biology - unit 1 > biological molecules > Flashcards

biological molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a monomer?

A

A single monomer unit that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

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2
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A large molecules made up of repeating units called monomers and are formed in polymerisation reactions

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3
Q

What occurs in a condensation reaction?

A

Monomers are combined into polymers with the loss of water

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4
Q

What occurs in a hydrolysis reaction?

A

Polymers are broken down into monomers by the addition of water.

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5
Q

What is the general formula of monosaccharides?

A

Cn(H2O) (e.g. glucose C6H12O6)

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6
Q

What is the monomer for carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides (glucose)

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7
Q

What is the polymer for carbohydrates?

A

Polysaccharides (starch)

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8
Q

What is the monomer for proteins?

A

Amino acids

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9
Q

What type of bond joins two monosaccharides together to form a disaccharide?

A

Glycosidic bond (covalent bond)

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10
Q

What monomer is starch made of?

A

Glucose

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11
Q

Which molecule is used for energy storage in animal cells?

A

Glycogen

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12
Q

Which two molecules make up triglycerides?

A

Glycerol and fatty acid chains

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13
Q

What type of bonds are used to join fatty acids to a glycerol molecule?

A

Ester bonds

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14
Q

Which molecules form a phospholipid?

A

A glycerol phosphate head and two fatty acid chains

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15
Q

What elements are found in proteins?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen

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16
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

A polymer of amino acids

17
Q

What are the two functions of functional proteins?

A

Globular and fibrous proteins

18
Q

What is a fibrous protein?

A

A protein with a long thin secondary structure, which are insoluble

19
Q

What is a globular protein?

A

A protein with a tertiary or quaternary structure with a metabolic function and are soluble in water

20
Q

Hydrophilic definition

A

Associates with water molecules easily

21
Q

Hydrophobic definition

A

Water fearing

22
Q

What are the three kinds of RNA?

A

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

applied biology - unit 1 (8 decks)

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