Cellular Respiration - Chapter 7 - College Biology Flashcards
cellular respiration equation
C6H12O6 + 6O2—> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
glycolysis
process breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules, producing net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH
where does glycolysis occur and what type of process is it?
cytoplasm, no oxygen anaerobic process
oxidation of pyruvate
after glycolysis, each pyruvate transported to matrix, converts into acetyl-CoA
where does oxidation of pyruvate occur and what type of process is it?
mitochondrial matrix, aerobic, requires oxygen
citric acid cycle
series of chemical reactions that generates energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA
where does citric cycle occur and what type of process is it?
same as the oxidation of pyruvate
electron transport chain (ETC)
H+ ions are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space, and O2 is reduced to form H2O
where does ETC occur and what type of process is it?
inner mitochondrial membrane, aerobic
difference between anaerobic and aerobic (3)
ana - no oxygen, cytoplasm, produces less ATP, Latic Acid/Ethanol
aero - oxygen, mitochondria, produces more ATP, CO2 and H20
why don’t we used anaerobic respiration all the time?
produces less ATP, leads to build up of latic acid which causes fatigue
food products made from anaerobic respiration (3)
bread, beer, yogurt
where does prokaryotes do their electron transport chain
plasma/cell membrane
why is glycolysis such a big deal evolutionary wise?
doesn’t require energy meaning it would have evolved in early life forms before Earth’s atmosphere contained oxygen
what is removed from pyrucate during its conversion into acetyl group?
CO2
what do the electrons added to NAD+ do?
go to another pathway for ATP production
GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of
succinyl CoA into succinate
what compound receives electrons from NADH
oxygen
chemiosmosis
movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane
which fermentation method can occur in animal skeletal muscles?
latic acid fermentation
major connection for sugars in glycolysis is
glucose-6-phosphate
why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than energy directly from the bonds of carbohydrates?
acts as a more efficient and manageable energy currency within the cell
why do all cells need an energy source, and what would happen if glycolysis were blocked in a red blood cell?
need one to carry out basic functions, red blood cells lose membrane potential and die
difference between circular and linear pathway
c - regenerate intermediates, more efficient
l - less efficient beacause intermediates not reused
what accounts for the different number of ATP molecules that are formed through cellular respiration?
ETC pumps ion H+ differently varying between species
primary difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration
f - relies on organic molecules, less ATP
ana - electron transport chain, more ATP
how does citrate from the CAC affect glycolysis
inhibits PFK-1, energy levels high then slows down glycolysis
why might negative feedback mechanisms be more common than positive feedback in living cells? (2)
can control a process, and maintain homeostasis
redox reactions
one molecule will be oxidized, capturing electrons and the other reduced, donating electrons
