Cellular Respiration - Chapter 7 - College Biology

Question 1

cellular respiration equation

Answer 1

C6H12O6 + 6O2—> 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP

Question 2

glycolysis

Answer 2

process breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules, producing net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 3

where does glycolysis occur and what type of process is it?

Answer 3

cytoplasm, no oxygen anaerobic process

Question 4

oxidation of pyruvate

Answer 4

after glycolysis, each pyruvate transported to matrix, converts into acetyl-CoA

Question 5

where does oxidation of pyruvate occur and what type of process is it?

Answer 5

mitochondrial matrix, aerobic, requires oxygen

Question 6

citric acid cycle

Answer 6

series of chemical reactions that generates energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA

Question 7

where does citric cycle occur and what type of process is it?

Answer 7

same as the oxidation of pyruvate

Question 8

electron transport chain (ETC)

Answer 8

H+ ions are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space, and O2 is reduced to form H2O

Question 9

where does ETC occur and what type of process is it?

Answer 9

inner mitochondrial membrane, aerobic

Question 10

difference between anaerobic and aerobic (3)

Answer 10

ana - no oxygen, cytoplasm, produces less ATP, Latic Acid/Ethanol
aero - oxygen, mitochondria, produces more ATP, CO2 and H20

Question 11

why don’t we used anaerobic respiration all the time?

Answer 11

produces less ATP, leads to build up of latic acid which causes fatigue

Question 12

food products made from anaerobic respiration (3)

Answer 12

bread, beer, yogurt

Question 13

where does prokaryotes do their electron transport chain

Answer 13

plasma/cell membrane

Question 14

why is glycolysis such a big deal evolutionary wise?

Answer 14

doesn’t require energy meaning it would have evolved in early life forms before Earth’s atmosphere contained oxygen

Question 15

what is removed from pyrucate during its conversion into acetyl group?

Answer 15

CO2

Question 16

what do the electrons added to NAD+ do?

Answer 16

go to another pathway for ATP production

Question 17

GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of

Answer 17

succinyl CoA into succinate

Question 18

what compound receives electrons from NADH

Answer 18

oxygen

Question 19

chemiosmosis

Answer 19

movement of hydrogen ions across a mitochondrial membrane

Question 20

which fermentation method can occur in animal skeletal muscles?

Answer 20

latic acid fermentation

Question 21

major connection for sugars in glycolysis is

Answer 21

glucose-6-phosphate

Question 22

why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather than energy directly from the bonds of carbohydrates?

Answer 22

acts as a more efficient and manageable energy currency within the cell

Question 23

why do all cells need an energy source, and what would happen if glycolysis were blocked in a red blood cell?

Answer 23

need one to carry out basic functions, red blood cells lose membrane potential and die

Question 24

difference between circular and linear pathway

Answer 24

c - regenerate intermediates, more efficient
l - less efficient beacause intermediates not reused

Question 25

what accounts for the different number of ATP molecules that are formed through cellular respiration?

Answer 25

ETC pumps ion H+ differently varying between species

Question 26

primary difference between fermentation and anaerobic respiration

Answer 26

f - relies on organic molecules, less ATP
ana - electron transport chain, more ATP

Question 27

how does citrate from the CAC affect glycolysis

Answer 27

inhibits PFK-1, energy levels high then slows down glycolysis

Question 28

why might negative feedback mechanisms be more common than positive feedback in living cells? (2)

Answer 28

can control a process, and maintain homeostasis

Question 29

redox reactions

Answer 29

one molecule will be oxidized, capturing electrons and the other reduced, donating electrons