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AP Biology > Cellular Respiration And Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Cellular Respiration And Photosynthesis Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Energy cycle

A

Sunlight -
autotrophs transform into chemical energy(sugar) and oxygen
Cells use energy in chemical molecules to make ATP
Energy leaves as heat

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2
Q

Cycle between cellular respiration and photosynthesis

A 
Light
Photosynthesis
Organic molecules and oxygen
Cell respiration - ATP and C02 and h20
ATP turns to heat, c02 and h20 into photosynthesis
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3
Q

What is fermentation

A

Partial breaking down of sugars without the help of oxygen

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4
Q

What is cellular respiration

A

Oxygen broken down and consumed as a reactant along with an organic fuel

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5
Q

Equation for cellular respiration

A

C6H1206 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + energy (ATP and Heat)

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6
Q

What is the change in free energy

A

-686 kCals

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7
Q

How does energy leave as heat

A

ATP broken down

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8
Q

How is ATP recycled

A

ATP - ADP + P - AMP + P + P

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9
Q

How fast is ATP Recycled in the muscles

A

Fast

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10
Q

What type of reaction is respiration

A 
Ever going
Catabolic
Releases energy
Negative delta G
Spontaneous
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11
Q

What kind of reaction is photosynthesis

A 
Endergonic
Requires energy
Anabolic
Non spontaneous
Positive delta G
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12
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis

A

6H20 + 6CO2 + Light –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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13
Q

Another word for redox

A

Oxidation reduction

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14
Q

Abbreviation for oxidation reduction and meaning

A

Oil rig

Oxidation is losing, reduction is gaining

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15
Q

What does the reducing agent do

A

Electron donor
Gets oxidized
Becomes more positive

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16
Q

What does the oxidizing agent do

A

Electron acceptor
Gets reduced
Becomes more negative

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17
Q

What part of cellular respiration is oxidation

A

Glucose to carbon dioxide

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18
Q

Which part of cellular respiration is reduction

A

Oxygen to water

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19
Q

What is one reducing agent

A

Methane

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20
Q

What is one oxidizing agent

A

Oxygen

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21
Q

Four steps to respiration

A

Glycolysis
Intermediate
Kreb’s
Electron transport chain

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22
Q

Basics of glycolysis

A

Occurs in cytosol

Breaks glucose into pyruvate

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23
Q

Basics of intermediate step

A

Cytosol into mitochondrial matrix

Breaks pyruvate into acetyl Co-A

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24
Q

Basics of krebs

A

Mitochondrial matrix

Acetyl Co-A broken into CO2

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25
Q

Basics of electron transport chain

A

Inner membrane of mitochondrion
Uses all NADH and FADH2 and makes ATP
Used electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed to oxygen in the end

26
Q

What is glycolysis essentially

A

Sugar splitting

27
Q

How long has sugar been around

A

Ancient - no oxygen was available for prokaryotes

28
Q

What does glycolysis do to glucose

A

Partially oxidizes it to two pyruvate

29
Q

Byproduct of glycolysis

A

Water

30
Q

Steps of glycolysis

A

Energy investment

Energy payoff

31
Q

What is the energy investment stage of glycolysis

A

ATP phosphorylates compounds of glucose

32
Q

What is the energy payoff stage of glycolysis

A

ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation

NAD+ is reduced to NADH by food oxidation

33
Q

What is the net energy of glycolysis

A

2 ATP

2 NADH

34
Q

What is not released in glycolysis

A

CO2

35
Q

What are the enzymes of glycolysis

A

Kinase
Isomer are
Mutate

36
Q

What is kinase

A

Adds or subtracts phosphates

37
Q

Another name for what kinase does

A

Phosphorylation

38
Q

What is isomerase

A

Changes or rearranges the structure of the phosphate

39
Q

What is Mutase

A

Move the phosphate to another carbon

40
Q

What is phosphofructokinase

A

Allosteric enzyme that controls the rate of glycolysis and kreb’s

41
Q

What is another name for kreb’s cycle

A

Citric acid cycle

42
Q

What is phosphofructokinase inhibited by

A

ATP and citrate

43
Q

What is phosphofructokinase stimulated by

A

AMP

44
Q

What is phosphorylation

A

Enzyme transfers a phosphate to other compounds

45
Q

What is NADH

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

46
Q

What is NADH made from

A

The oxidizing agent NAD+

47
Q

What is NADH finally used for

A

Make ATP during the electron transport chain

48
Q

What does NADH do

A

Shuttles its high energy electrons to the electron transport chain to make ATP

49
Q

How many ATP are made from each NADH

A

3

50
Q

What is FADH2

A

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

51
Q

What is FADH2 made from

A

The oxidizing agent FADH+

52
Q

What is FADH+ from

A

The B vitamin riboflavin

53
Q

What does FADH2 do

A

Shuttles its electrons to the electron transport chain to make ATP

54
Q

How many ATP made FADH2

A

2

55
Q

What is ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate

56
Q

What is ATP made from

A

The oxidizing agent ADP and AMP

57
Q

Where is ATP made

A

Throughout cellular respiration

58
Q

2 Special things about ATP

A

Is its own allosteric affector (step 3 of glycolysis)

The end product of the energy we use

59
Q

What is used in glycolysis

A

2 ATP

60
Q

Where is ATP used in glycolysis

A

Steps 1 and 3

61
Q

What do cells in an open system require to do worK

A

Energy

AP Biology (4 decks)

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