Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Flashcards
What is fermentation?
Partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen (anaerobic)
What is respiration?
Included both aerobic (requires oxygen) and anaerobic respiration but is most often used to refer to aerobic respiration
What are redox reactions?
Chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred between reactants
In redox reactions, loss of electrons from a substance is called what?
Oxidation
In redox reaction, addition of electrons to a substance is called what?
Reduction
What is the electron donor called?
The reducing agent, it reduces the electron acceptor
What is the electron acceptor called?
The oxidizing agent, it oxidizes the electron donor
What is the process that generates almost 90% of ATP called?
Oxidative phosphorylation, because it is powered by redox reactions
Where else can ATP also be formed?
In glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation
When does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?
When an enzyme transfers a phosphate group directly from a substrate to ADP
In eukaryotic cells, molecules of the electron transport chair are embedded where?
In the inner mitochondrial membrane
In prokaryotes, the electron transport chain is embedded where?
In the plasma membrane
What is chemiosmosis?
The use of energy in a H+ gradient to drive cellular work
During oxidative phosphorylation, ____ couples ____ to ATP synthesis
chemiosmosis ; electron transport
How much energy in a glucose molecule is transferred to ATP?
About 34%, making about 32 ATP
