Cellular Respiration

Question 1

Basic equation

Answer 1

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water

Question 2

Cellular Respiration

Answer 2

Organisms break down nutrients to produce energy in the form of ATP

Question 3

3 main stages

Answer 3

1: Glycolysis
2: Citric Acid Cycle
3: Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Question 4

Additional step (not as important)

Answer 4

Preparatory reaction, occurs between glycolysis and citric acid cycle

Question 5

Glycolysis

Answer 5

Glucose breaks down into 2 molecules of pyruvate, releasing NADH and producing 2 ATP molecules (some energy is created)

occurs OUTSIDE mitochondria, in the cytoplasm; inner membrane

Question 6

Prep Reaction

Answer 6

Pyruvates move into mitochondria, where they get converted into Acetyl CoA, more NADH is produced, CO2 is released

Question 7

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 7

Remaining carbons are oxidized, CO2 released, produces NADH, FADH2, and 2 ATP

occurs in mitochondrial matrix

Question 8

ETC

Answer 8

NADH and FADH2 give up electrons to the chain, energy is released and captured as electrons move from high to low energy

1 glucose molecule produces 36-38 ATP

electrons flow from protein to protein in inner membrane until they reach an oxygen molecule

Question 9

Video #2 Review

Answer 9

Most ATP produced in mitochondria; powers work of the cell

CO2 we exhale comes from reactions of cellular respiration

In citric acid cycle, 2 molecules of ATP are produced for every molecule of glucose

ETC embedded in inner layer of mitochondria

Question 10

Video #3 Review

Answer 10

ATP synthase is a power generator

ATP fuels cells and therefore the body

ADP binds w/ additional phosphate group to switch to ATP energy

Question 11

Video #4 Review

Answer 11

Body composed of trillions of cells; all need energy to function

Mitochondria create energy (ATP)

Mitochondria consist of 2 membranes; outer and inner; intermembrane space between

ATP generated in inner membrane

Question 12

Oxidation

Answer 12

removes hydrogen, adding oxygen and expelling electrons

Question 13

Reduction

Answer 13

opposite of oxidation, removes oxygen by adding hydrogen atoms and receiving electrons

Question 14

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 14

produces the most ATP: O2 → H2O; occurs in inner membrane

Question 15

What is ATP?

Answer 15

adenosine triphosphate; cellular energy

Question 16

Why is ATP important?

Answer 16

it powers the cell; without it, the cell would be unable to function and would die

Question 17

How is ATP used?

Answer 17

Powers biochemical reactions that require energy

Think of it as the “money” / “currency” of the cell –> it is needed to survive

Question 18

How did mitochondria originate?

Answer 18

endosymbiont theory; mitochondria originated as bacterial endosymbionts

Question 19

Process of mitochondria development via endosymbiosis

Answer 19

eukaryotic cell engulfs bacterium

bacterium survives

endosymbiosis; both benefit, as bacterium adapts to new environment and works w/ eukaryotic host