Cellular Respiration

Question 1

The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions. The cells extract energy and apply it to perform work

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Starts with a specific molecule
Ends with a product

Answer 2

Metabolic pathway

Question 3

Consume energy to build complex molecules
from simpler molecules

Answer 3

Anabolic pathway

Question 4

Release energy by breaking complex molecules into simpler compounds

Answer 4

Catabolic pathway

Question 5

Transfer of electrons during chemical reactions releases energy stored in organic molecules
The released energy is ultimately used to synthesize ATP

Answer 5

Redox Reactions

Question 6

Substance loses electron

Answer 6

Oxidation

Question 7

Substance gains electron, Amount of positive charge is reduced

Answer 7

Reduction

Question 8

Electron donor

Answer 8

Reducing agent

Question 9

Electron acceptor

Answer 9

Oxidizing agent

Question 10

During cellular respiration, what happens?

Answer 10

fuel is oxidized and oxygen is reduced

Question 11

C6H12O6+602+ 6CO2+ 6H2O+ Energy (ATP + heat)

Answer 11

Cellular respiration

Question 12

Includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, but often used to refer to aerobic respiration
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel
Helpful to trace cellular respiration with glucose

Answer 12

Cellular Respiration

Question 13

Key player in cellular respiration
Energy source for all cells Considered as the “energy currency” of the cell
Releases large amounts of energy when converted to adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

Answer 13

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 14

NAD+

Answer 14

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Question 15

NADH

Answer 15

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen

Question 16

FAD or FADH2

Answer 16

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

Question 17

3 Stages of Cellular Respiration

Answer 17

Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 18

1st, Breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate

Answer 18

Glycolysis

Question 19

2nd, Completes the breakdown of glucose

Answer 19

Citric Acid Cycle

Question 20

3rd, ATP synthesis

Answer 20

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 21

presence of oxygen, pyruvate enters mitochondrion
Oxidation of glucose is completed
Pyruvate is converted to acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl COA)
The cycle oxidizes organic fuel derived from
pyruvate
1ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2

Answer 21

Krebs Cycle
Citric Acid Cycle
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Question 22

Krebs Cycle
Citric Acid Cycle
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
product

Answer 22

1ATP
3 NADH
1 FADH2

Question 23

Krebs Cycle
Citric Acid Cycle
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
how many steps

Answer 23

has 8 steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme

Question 24

NADH and FADH2 produced by the kreb’s cycle relay electrons extracted from food to the

Answer 24

electron transport chain

Question 25

ETC occurs at the cristae of the mitochondrion Most of the chain's components are proteins Carriers alternate in reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to oxygen, forming water

Answer 25

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 26

Use of energy in a H* gradient to drive cellular work Electron transfer in the ETC causes proteins to pump H* from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space H' moves back across the membrane, passing through the protein complex, ATP synthase ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H to drive phosphorylation of ATP

Answer 26

Chemiosmosis

Question 27

During cellular respiration, most energy flow in this particular sequence

Answer 27

Glucose + NADH → ETC → Proton-motive Force → ATP

Question 28

work that they need to do before producing atp

Answer 28

Proton-motive Force

Question 29

glycolysis produces how many atps

Answer 29

2 atps

Question 30

citric acid cycle produces how many atps

Answer 30

2 atps

Question 31

Oxidative phosphorylation (ETC + Chemiosmosis) how many atps

Answer 31

26 to 28 atps

Question 32

Most cellular respiration requires ______ to produce ATP Without the presence of ______, ETC will not push through

Answer 32

oxygen

Question 33

_____ will couple with anaerobic respiration or fermentation to produce ATP

Answer 33

Glycolysis

Question 34

Uses etc with a final electron acceptor other than oxygen, uses sulfate

Answer 34

Anaerobic respiration

Question 35

Uses substrate level phosphorylation instead of ETC to produce ATP (anaerobic respiration)

Answer 35

Fermentation

Question 36

Yeast and many bacteria Can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration Pyruvate is a fork in the metabolic road that leads to two alternative catabolic routes

Answer 36

Facultative anaerobes

Question 37

Carry out fermentation, cannot survive in the presence of oxygen

Answer 37

Obligate anaerobes

Question 38

Pyruvate is converted to ethanol in 2 steps Release of carbon dioxide Produce ethanol o Uses yeast o Brewing, winemaking, baking

Answer 38

Alcohol fermentation

Question 39

Pyruvate is reduced to NADH End product: lactate No carbon dioxide is released Process where fungi or bacteria are used to make cheese and yogurt

Answer 39

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 40

Human muscle cells use ______ fermentation to generate ATP when oxygen is scarce

Answer 40

lactic acid

Question 41

funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates

Answer 41

Catabolic pathways

Question 42

must be digested to amino acids

Answer 42

Proteins

Question 43

can also feed glycolysis or the Krebs cycle

Answer 43

Amino groups

Question 44

Used in generating acetyl CoA Broken down by beta oxidation

Answer 44

Fatty acid

Question 45

fats that is used for Glycolysis

Answer 45

Glycerol